Splenic dysfunction from celiac disease resulting in severe babesiosis

O’Connell, Sarah; Lyons, C. B. A.; Abdou, Moustafa; Patowary, Rittick; Aslam, Sohail; Kinsella, Nora; Zintl, Annetta; Hunfeld, Klaus-Peter; Wormser, Gary P.; Gray, Jeremy; Merry, Concepta; Alizadeh, Hussain

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.02.016

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Some cases were not published but communicated personally, and not all of them were confirmed using molecular methods [ 1 , 46 , 47 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 ]. From 1998 until the present, at least 13 additional cases were published in France [ 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ], Portugal [ 14 ], Norway [ 73 ], Spain [ 74 , 75 , 76 ], Turkey [ 77 ], Finland [ 44 ], Ireland [ 78 ] and the UK [ 79 ] ( Table 1 ). Overall, this amounts to more than 50 cases, with 35 attributed to B. divergens , 5 to B. venatorum and 11 to B. microti (excluding imported cases) ( Table 1 , Table 2 , Table 3 ).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Europe, most severe cases were either splenectomized [ 1 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 14 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 70 , 73 , 74 , 77 , 86 ], or they had a rudimentary spleen and hyposplenism [ 44 , 78 ]. Immunosuppressive co-morbidities associated with severe babesiosis are hematological malignancies such as Hodgkin’s disease [ 4 , 5 , 45 ], B-cell lymphoma [ 4 ], acute myeloid leukemia [ 8 ], hairy cell leukemia [ 6 ], T-cell lymphoma [ 7 ] and HIV [ 74 ].…”

Section: Clinical Course Of Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Babesiosis in Europe

et al. 2021

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Babesiosis is attracting increasing attention as a worldwide emerging zoonosis. The first case of human babesiosis in Europe was described in the late 1950s and since then more than 60 cases have been reported in Europe. While the disease is relatively rare in Europe, it is significant because the majority of cases present as life-threatening fulminant infections, mainly in immunocompromised patients. Although appearing clinically similar to human babesiosis elsewhere, particularly in the USA, most European forms of the disease are distinct entities, especially concerning epidemiology, human susceptibility to infection and clinical management. This paper describes the history of the disease and reviews all published cases that have occurred in Europe with regard to the identity and genetic characteristics of the etiological agents, pathogenesis, aspects of epidemiology including the eco-epidemiology of the vectors, the clinical courses of infection, diagnostic tools and clinical management and treatment.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Course Of Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Babesiosis in Europe

et al. 2021

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“…In ten additional publications [88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97], 11 babesiosis cases were reported where infection with B. divergens was the probable cause of disease, and fever was the most common symptom (82%). Anemia, malaise, jaundice, abdominal complaints and darkened urine were all relatively common (ranging from 45% to 27%), while headache, myalgia and arthralgia were reported for only two patients ( Table 2).…”

Section: Clinical Presentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Disease Causality of Rare Ixodes ricinus-Borne Infections in Europe

et al. 2020

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In Europe, Ixodes ricinus ticks transmit pathogens such as Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). In addition, there is evidence for transmission to humans from I. ricinus of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia divergens, Babesia microti, Babesia venatorum, Borrelia miyamotoi, Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Rickettsia helvetica and Rickettsia monacensis. However, whether infection with these potential tick-borne pathogens results in human disease has not been fully demonstrated for all of these tick-borne microorganisms. To evaluate the available evidence for a causative relation between infection and disease, the current study analyses European case reports published from 2008 to 2018, supplemented with information derived from epidemiological and experimental studies. The evidence for human disease causality in Europe found in this review appeared to be strongest for A. phagocytophilum and B. divergens. Nonetheless, some knowledge gaps still exist. Importantly, comprehensive evidence for pathogenicity is lacking for the remaining tick-borne microorganisms. Such evidence could be gathered best through prospective studies, for example, studies enrolling patients with a fever after a tick bite, the development of specific new serological tools, isolation of these microorganisms from ticks and patients and propagation in vitro, and through experimental studies.

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“…Пациенты с сохранной селезенкой, однако, могут иметь клинически значимый функциональный гипоспленизм, с или без атрофии селезенки [22], с или без выраженных изменений в рутинных мазках крови [8]. Имеются очень ограниченные данные о том, может ли функциональный гипоспленизм предрасполагать к тяжелому течению бабезиоза [22,45]. Острое заболевание может развиваться у реципиентов препаратов крови [9,39].…”

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“…Большинство зарегистрированных случаев бабезиоза со смертельным исходом было у пациентов, перенесших спленэктомию [7,48,49]. В нескольких случаях острое течение бабезиоза наблюдали у пациентов с сохранной селезенкой, но с признаками функционального гипоспленизма [8,45]. Описан случай бабезиоза, развившегося на фоне онкологического заболевания [50], и у пациента с рудиментарной селезенкой [22].…”

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Human babesiosis

Zelya¹,

Kukina²

2020

Medical news of the North Caucasus

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первый московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. м. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет), Российская Федерация human BaBesiosis Zelya o. p., Kukina i. V. i. m. sechenov first moscow state medical university (sechenov university), russian federation Бабезиоз человека-трансмиссивная болезнь, передаваемая клещами, частота встречаемости и география случаев которой растет в последние десятилетия. Возбудитель болезни-внутриэритроцитарное паразитическое простейшее рода Babesia (Apicomplexa: Babesiidae), часто называемое пироплазмой из-за грушевидной формы. Из более чем 100 видов Babesia, описанных к настоящему времени, только некоторые были диагностированы у инфицированных людей, главным образом B. microti в США, B. divergens и B. venatorum (Babesia sp. EU1) в Европе. Природным резервуаром для бабезий, способных инвазировать человека, являются: крупный рогатый скот (B. divergens), косули (B. venatorum) и мелкие млекопитающие, в основном грызуны (B. microti). Учитывая способность бабезий передаваться трансовариально и трансфазово, в значительной степени можно считать резервуаром инфекции и популяции клещей. Инфекция у людей может протекать бессимптомно или со слабо выраженной клинической симптоматикой, но представляет особый риск для людей с врожденным или приобретенным иммунодефицитом, а также у пожилых. В этих контингентах летальность может достигать 50 %. На территории России и бывшего Советского Союза зарегистрировано 3 случая бабезиоза, вызванного B. divergens, закончившихся смертью больных. Диагноз подтверждается выявлением типичных внутриэритроцитарных паразитов в окрашенных мазках крови или ДНК бабезии с помощью ПЦР. При легком течении болезни назначают атоваквон и азитромицин, а в тяжелых случаях-клиндамицин и хинин, переливание эритроцитарной массы. Индивидуальные и общественные средства защиты от нападения клещей могут снизить риск заражения бабезиями, но прекратить передачу возбудителя нереально в связи с зоонозным характером инвазии. Целью данной публикации является привлечение внимания специалистов к эпидемиологии, профилактике, лабораторной диагностике бабезиоза человека. Ключевые слова: бабезиоз человека; болезнь, передаваемая клещами; клещи; Babesia spp.; диагностика; профилактика; обзор Human babesiosis is a worldwide emerging tick-borne disease that is increasing in frequency and geographic range. It is caused by an intraerytrocytic piriform parasitic microorganism Babesia also called Piroplasma (Apicomplexa: Babesiidae). Out of more than 100 Babesia species described so far, only some were diagnosed in infected humans, mostly B. microti in USA, B. divergens and B. venatorum (Babesia sp. EU1) in Europe. B. divergens is transmitted by I. ricinus ticks (larvae, nymph and imago) with cattle as the primary reservoir hosts. I. ricinus also serves as a reservoir host because parasite is transmitted by transovarial (and transstadial) transmission. Infection in humans may be asymptomatic or mild but is of a particular risk for asplenic individuals, those with congenital or acquired immunodeficien...

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Splenic dysfunction from celiac disease resulting in severe babesiosis

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

Human Babesiosis in Europe

Human Babesiosis in Europe

Evaluation of Disease Causality of Rare Ixodes ricinus-Borne Infections in Europe

Human babesiosis

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