Spitzer Parallax of Ogle-2015-BLG-0966: A Cold Neptune in the Galactic Disk

Street, R. A.; Udalski, A.; Novati, S. Calchi; Hundertmark, M.; Zhu, Wei; Gould, Andrew; Yee, Jennifer C.; Tsapras, Y.; Bennett, D. P.; Jørgensen, U. G.; Dominik, M.; Andersen, M. I.; Bachelet, E.; Bozza, V.; Bramich, D. M.; Burgdorf, M.; Cassan, A.; Ciceri, S.; D’Ago, G.; Dong, Subo; Evans, D. F.; Gu, Shenghong; Harkonnen, H.; Hinse, T. C.; Horne, K.; Jaimes, R. Figuera; Kains, N.; Kerins, E.; Korhonen, H.; Küffmeier, M.; Mancini, L.; Menzies, John; Mao, S.; Peixinho, N.; Popovas, A.; Rabus, M.; Rahvar, S.; Ranc, Clément; Rasmussen, R. T.; Scarpetta, G.; Schmidt, R. W.; Skottfelt, J.; Snodgrass, C.; Southworth, J.; Steele, I. A.; Surdej, Jean; Unda-Sanzana, E.; Verma, P.; Essen, C. von; Wambsganß, J.; Wang, Yi-Bo.; Wertz, O.; Poleski, R.; Pawlak, M.; Szymański, M. K.; Skowron, J.; Mróz, P.; Kozłowski, S.; Wyrzykowski, Ł.; Pietrukowicz, P.; Pietrzyński, G.; Soszyński, I.; Ulaczyk, K.; Beichman, C. A.; Bryden, G.; Carey, Sean; Gaudi, B. Scott; Henderson, Calen B.; Pogge, R. W.; Shvartzvald, Yossi; Abe, F.; Asakura, Y.; Bhattacharya, Aparna; Bond, I. A.; Donachie, M.; Freeman, Matthew; Fukui, A.; Hirao, Yuki; Inayama, K.; Itow, Y.; Koshimoto, Naoki; Li, M. C. A.; Ling, C. H.; Masuda, K.; Matsubara, Y.; Muraki, Y.; Nagakane, M.; Nishioka, T.; Ohnishi, Koji; Oyokawa, H.; Rattenbury, N. J.; Saito, To.; Sharan, A.; Sullivan, D. J.; Sumi, T.; Suzuki, D.; Tristram, J.; Wakiyama, Y.; Yonehara, A.; Han, Cheongho; Choi, J.-Y.; Park, H.; Jung, Youn Kil; Shin, In-Gu

doi:10.3847/0004-637x/819/2/93

Cited by 101 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Finally, we note that Swift might be able to detect the parallax signal during caustic crossings (in particular the caustic exits) of bright binary events (analogous to the original idea presented by Honma 1999), which are much more common, and with real-time light curve modeling it can be predicted in advance to trigger Swift. A thorough study of Swift microlens parallax sensitivity will be conducted in R.A. Street et al 2016, (in preparation).…”

Section: Swift Feasibility Of Microlens Parallax Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simultaneous ground and space observations of microlensing events were conducted only twice prior to these campaigns, once with Spitzer (Dong et al 2007), and once with the Deep Impact (or EPOXI) spacecraft (Muraki et al 2011). The 2014-2015 Spitzer campaigns have already led to the detection of two planets Street et al 2016), the first causticcrossing binary-lens event with a satellite parallax measurement (Zhu et al 2015b), a massive remnant in a wide binary (Shvartzvald et al 2015), and mass measurements of isolated objects (Zhu et al 2016)-one of which is a brown dwarf (BD). In addition, Spitzer observations allowed Bozza et al (2016) to break a strong planet/binary degeneracy in the event OGLE-2015-BLG-1212, finding that the companion is a low-mass star and not a planet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The First Simultaneous Microlensing Observations by Two Space Telescopes: Spitzer and Swift Reveal a Brown Dwarf in Event Ogle-2015-BLG-1319

Shvartzvald¹,

Li²,

Udalski³

et al. 2016

ApJ

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Simultaneous observations of microlensing events from multiple locations allow for the breaking of degeneracies between the physical properties of the lensing system, specifically by exploring different regions of the lens plane and by directly measuring the "microlens parallax." We report the discovery of a 30-65M J brown dwarf orbiting a K dwarf in the microlensing event OGLE-2015-BLG-1319. The system is located at a distance of ∼5 kpc toward the Galactic Bulge. The event was observed by several ground-based groups as well as by Spitzer and Swift, allowing a measurement of the physical properties. However, the event is still subject to an eight-fold degeneracy, in particular the well-known close-wide degeneracy, and thus the projected separation between the two lens components is either ∼0.25 au or ∼45 au. This is the first microlensing event observed by Swift, with the UVOT camera. We study the region of microlensing parameter space to which Swift is sensitive, finding that though Swift could not measure the microlens parallax with respect to ground-based observations for this event, it can be important for other events. Specifically, it is important for detecting nearby brown dwarfs and free-floating planets in high magnification events.

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Section: Swift Feasibility Of Microlens Parallax Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The First Simultaneous Microlensing Observations by Two Space Telescopes: Spitzer and Swift Reveal a Brown Dwarf in Event Ogle-2015-BLG-1319

Shvartzvald¹,

Li²,

Udalski³

et al. 2016

ApJ

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“…One event, MOA-2011-BLG-293Lb, was determined to be located in the Galactic bulge by measuring the lens flux (Yee et al 2012;Batista et al 2014), but Bhattacharya et al (2017) and Koshimoto et al (2017) have shown that there can be ambiguity in the interpretation of these apparent lens detections. The recent simultaneous observations from the Spitzer space telescope helped to measure the space-based parallax and contribute to the determination of the distance to the lens system (Street et al 2016). However, the statistical sample of microlensing planets is not yet large enough to draw a clear picture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OGLE-2013-BLG-1761Lb: A Massive Planet around an M/K Dwarf

Hirao

Udalski

Sumi

et al. 2017

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We report the discovery and the analysis of the planetary microlensing event, OGLE-2013-BLG-1761. There are some degenerate solutions in this event because the planetary anomaly is only sparsely sampled. However,the detailed lightcurve analysis ruled out all stellar binary models and shows the lens to be a planetary system. There is the so-called close/wide degeneracy in the solutions with the planet/host mass ratio of q∼(7.0±2.0)×10 −3 and q∼(8.1±2.6)×10−3 with the projected separation in Einstein radius units of s=0.95 (close) and s=1.18 (wide), respectively. The microlens parallax effect is not detected, but the finite source effect is detected. Our Bayesian analysis indicates that the lens system is located = . The preference of the large lens distance in the Bayesian analysis is due to the relatively large observed source star radius. The distance and other physical parameters may be constrained by the future high-resolution imaging by large groundtelescopes orHST. If the estimated lens distance is correct, thenthis planet provides another sample for testing the claimed deficit of planets in the Galactic bulge.-

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“…Although the Spitzer microlensing program has been successful in terms of measuring masses of individual planetary systems Street et al 2016; Ryu et al 2017;Shvartzvald et al 2017) and constraining the Galactic distribution of planets (Calchi Novati et al 2015a;Yee et al 2015a;Zhu et al 2017b), there is a generic uncertainty in measuring p E with a single satellite, especially in cases of single-lens events. The microlensing parallax vector p E is directly related to the displacement between the two lenssource relative trajectories…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Isolated Microlens Observed from K2, Spitzer, and Earth

Zhu¹,

Udalski²,

Huang³

et al. 2017

ApJL

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We present the result of microlensing event MOA-2016-BLG-290, which received observations from the twowheel Kepler (K2), Spitzer, as well as ground-based observatories. A joint analysis of data from K2 and the ground leads to two degenerate solutions of the lens mass and distance. This degeneracy is effectively broken once the (partial) Spitzer light curve is included. Altogether, the lens is found to be an extremely low-mass star or brown dwarf ( -+ M 77 23 34 J ) located in the Galactic bulge (  6.8 0.4 kpc). MOA-2016-BLG-290 is the first microlensing event for which we have signals from three well-separated (∼1 au) locations. It demonstrates the power of twosatellite microlensing experiment in reducing the ambiguity of lens properties, as pointed out independently by S. Refsdal and A. Gould several decades ago.

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Spitzer Parallax of Ogle-2015-BLG-0966: A Cold Neptune in the Galactic Disk

Cited by 101 publications

References 48 publications

The First Simultaneous Microlensing Observations by Two Space Telescopes: Spitzer and Swift Reveal a Brown Dwarf in Event Ogle-2015-BLG-1319

The First Simultaneous Microlensing Observations by Two Space Telescopes: Spitzer and Swift Reveal a Brown Dwarf in Event Ogle-2015-BLG-1319

OGLE-2013-BLG-1761Lb: A Massive Planet around an M/K Dwarf

An Isolated Microlens Observed from K2, Spitzer, and Earth

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