Spittle-insect vectors of Pierce's disease virus: II. Life history and virus transmission

Severin, Henry H. P.

doi:10.3733/hilg.v19n11p357

Cited by 97 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Transmission experiments identified sharpshooter leafhoppers (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, subfamily Cicadellinae) and spittlebugs (Hemiptera, Cercopoidea) as insect vectors of this pathogen (Severin 1949(Severin , 1950. A third group of xylem sap-sucking insects, cicadas (Hemiptera, Cicadidae), has been reported as a vector of X. fastidiosa (Paião et al 2002;Krell et al 2007), although more work is necessary to determine the contribution of this group to overall epidemiology and transmission dynamics.…”

Section: Vector Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Insights into Xylella fastidiosa Interactions with Plant and Insect Hosts

Retchless

Labroussaa

Shapiro

et al. 2014

Genomics of Plant-Associated Bacteria

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Section: Vector Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Insights into Xylella fastidiosa Interactions with Plant and Insect Hosts

Retchless

Labroussaa

Shapiro

et al. 2014

Genomics of Plant-Associated Bacteria

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“…data). Once a feeding site is established, nymphs feed on xylem with their strawlike mouthparts and generate the spittle for which they are named (Severin 1950;Wiegert 1964;Horsfield 1978). The spittle mass covers their bodies and primarily protects nymphs from desiccation (Weaver and King 1954;McEvoy 1986).…”

Section: Study Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inbreeding Alters Resistance to Insect Herbivory and Host Plant Quality in Mimulus Guttatus (Scrophulariaceae)

2002

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Abstract. Previous studies have demonstrated genetic variation for resistance to insect herbivores and host plant quality. The effect of plant mating system, an important determinant of the distribution of genetic variation, on host plant characteristics has received almost no attention. This study used a controlled greenhouse experiment to examine the effect of self-and cross-pollination in Mimulus guttatus (Scrophulariaceae) on resistance to and host plant quality for the xylem-feeding spittlebug Philaenus spumarius (Homoptera: Cercopidae). Spittlebugs were found to have a negative effect on two important fitness components in M. guttatus, flower production and aboveground biomass. One of two M. guttatus populations examined showed a significant interaction between the pollination and herbivore treatments. In this case, the detrimental effects of herbivores on biomass and flower production were much more pronounced in inbred (self) plants. The presence of spittlebug nymphs increased inbreeding depression by as much as three times. Pollination treatments also had significant effects on important components of herbivore fitness, but these effects were in opposite directions in our two host plant populations. Spittlebug nymphs maturing on self plants emerged as significantly larger adults in one of our host plant populations, indicating that inbreeding increased host plant quality. In our second host plant population, spittlebug nymphs took significantly longer to develop to adulthood on self plants, indicating that inbreeding decreased host plant quality. Taken together these results suggest that the degree of inbreeding in host plant populations can have important and perhaps complex effects on the dynamics of plant-herbivore interactions and on mating-system evolution in the host.

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“…Insects in the other three families have been shown to transmit X. fastidiosa. Severin (1950) demonstrated that three aphrophorids (Philaenus spumarius [syn.Philaenus leucophthalmus], Aphrophora angulata, and Aphrophora permutata) and one clastopterid (Clastoptera brunnea) were vectors of X. fastidiosa. Purcell (1980) and Saponari et al (2014) also confirmed that P. spumarius was a vector of this bacterium to plants.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insects in the other three families have been shown to transmit X. fastidiosa. Severin (1950) demonstrated that three aphrophorids (Philaenus spumarius [syn.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission ofXylella fastidiosato Grapevine by the Meadow Spittlebug

et al. 2016

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There is little information available on Xylella fastidiosa transmission by spittlebugs (Hemiptera, Cercopoidea). This group of insect vectors may be of epidemiological relevance in certain diseases, so it is important to better understand the basic parameters of X. fastidiosa transmission by spittlebugs. We used grapevines as a host plant and the aphrophorid Philaenus spumarius as a vector to estimate the effect of plant access time on X. fastidiosa transmission to plants; in addition, bacterial population estimates in the heads of vectors were determined and correlated with plant infection status. Results show that transmission efficiency of X. fastidiosa by P. spumarius increased with plant access time, similarly to insect vectors in another family (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae). Furthermore, a positive correlation between pathogen populations in P. spumarius and transmission to plants was observed. Bacterial populations in insects were one to two orders of magnitude lower than those observed in leafhopper vectors, and population size peaked within 3 days of plant access period. These results suggest that P. spumarius has either a limited number of sites in the foregut that may be colonized, or that fluid dynamics in the mouthparts of these insects is different from that in leafhoppers. Altogether our results indicate that X. fastidiosa transmission by spittlebugs is similar to that by leafhoppers. In addition, the relationship between cell numbers in vectors and plant infection may have under-appreciated consequences to pathogen spread.The bacterium Xylella fastidiosa is an economically important plant pathogen that is present throughout the Americas, Europe (Italy and France), Asia (Taiwan), and the Middle-East (Almeida and Nunney 2015). The lifestyle of X. fastidiosa requires the colonization of insect and plant hosts; in addition, natural dispersal is solely mediated by insect vectors (Chatterjee et al. 2008). Therefore, knowledge about insect and plant colonization, as well as plant-to-plant transmission can guide the development of control strategies for diseases caused by X. fastidiosa. Traditionally, research has focused on how this pathogen colonizes host plants, with some but more limited attention given to insect hosts. In addition, some of the key parameters of X. fastidiosa vector transmission have been determined.Insect vectors belong to three groups of xylem sap-feeding insects, the sharpshooter leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae Cicadellinae), spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea), and cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidaea). There are only two reports of cicadas as vectors (Krell et al. 2007;Paião et al. 2002), and because of the limited information more research is required on the role of these insects in X. fastidiosa spread. The first identified X. fastidiosa vectors were sharpshooter leafhoppers (Hewitt and Houston 1946;Hewitt et al. 1942). Frazier and Freitag (1946) demonstrated that several leafhopper species transmitted X. fastidiosa, information which decades later led Frazier (1965) to propose ...

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Spittle-insect vectors of Pierce's disease virus: II. Life history and virus transmission

Cited by 97 publications

References 14 publications

Genomic Insights into Xylella fastidiosa Interactions with Plant and Insect Hosts

Genomic Insights into Xylella fastidiosa Interactions with Plant and Insect Hosts

Inbreeding Alters Resistance to Insect Herbivory and Host Plant Quality in Mimulus Guttatus (Scrophulariaceae)

Transmission ofXylella fastidiosato Grapevine by the Meadow Spittlebug

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