Spirulina reduces diet-induced obesity through downregulation of lipogenic genes expression in Psammomys obesus

Anti-Obesity and Anti-Dyslipidemic Effects of Salicornia arabica Decocted Extract in Tunisian Psammomys obesus Fed a High-Calorie Diet

“…Besides, oral administration of SADE didn’t induce any hepatotoxicity signs and limited HCD-induced hepatic steatosis. Similar observations were reported in HCD-induced obese P. obesus [ 44 ] after supplementation of spirulina. Similarly, Hsu et al [ 13 ] reported the attenuation of inflammation and steatosis after antioxidant supplementation and this positive effect was attributed to the amelioration of oxidative status in the liver tissue.…”

“…A similar composition was reported for the Chenopodiaceae plant, Salsola foetida , with an EV of 0.4 kcal/g [ 38 ], S. bigelovii, with an EV of 0.3 kcal/g [ 31 ], and S. herbaceae with an EV of 0.44 kcal/g [ 43 ]. The determined EV of HCD is also similar to that used in similar experiments varying from ~3.70 kcal/g [ 38 , 44 ] to ~4.00 kcal/g [ 41 , 45 ].…”

“…Indeed, generally, more than one month is necessary to establish obesity in such animal models. Several studies showed that the sand rat develops obesity after two to three months of HCD (3.25 kcal/g and 3.85 kcal/g, respectively) [ 44 , 53 ]. HCD administration for up to three months caused significant metabolic changes in Meriones shawi rats and resulted in the development of obesity [ 54 ].…”

“…Saidi et al [ 44 ] reported that HCD resulted in a significant increase in relative liver weight and adiposity index due to the accumulation of energy as triglycerides stored in tissues as well as its deposition in these organs. The increase in body weight of rats consuming high-energy diets is a sign of the increase in the number and/or size of adipocytes [ 57 ].…”

“…Recently, it was proved that phenolic compounds and phenolic extracts might contribute to reducing obesity and dyslipidemia by exerting different mechanisms. The main reported pathways of anti-obesity and dyslipidemic effects involving phenols are (i) enhancement of the in vivo antioxidant defense allowing protection of lipoprotein against oxidation and minimizing hepatic injury [ 13 , 14 ], (ii) inhibition of the key enzymes involved in carbohydrate (such as α-amylase) and fat metabolism (such as pancreatic lipase) which hamper the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates and fats in the small intestine [ 10 , 11 ], and (iii) decreasing of lipogenic adipogenic activities in liver and adipose tissues [ 1 , 9 , 44 , 69 ]. It was reported that gingerol [ 11 ] and betula utilis bark extract [ 10 ] induce the reduction of the absorption of fat and cholesterol by inhibiting the activity of pancreatic lipase.…”