Spirotetramat resistance inMyzus persicae(Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its association with the presence of theA2666Vmutation

Abstract

BACKGROUND Chemicals are widely used to protect field crops against aphid pests and aphid‐borne viral diseases. One such species is Myzus persicae (Sulzer), a global pest that attacks a broad array of agricultural crops and transmits many economically damaging plant viruses. This species has evolved resistance to a large number of insecticide compounds as a result of widespread and repeated chemical use in many parts of the world. In this study, we investigated the evolution of resistance to a new plant protection product, spirotetramat, following reported chemical control failures. RESULTS Our study provides clear phenotypic and genotypic evidence of spirotetramat resistance in populations of M. persicae from Australia. We show there is cross‐resistance to other insecticides within the same chemical group, namely spiromesifen and spirodiclofen. We also demonstrate that resistance is associated with the previously reported mutation, A2226V in the target site of spirotetramat, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase. Our genetic analysis found all resistant M. persicae populations belong to the same multi‐locus clonal type and carry the A2226V mutation, which appears to be inherited as a dominant trait in this species. CONCLUSION Our findings provide new insight into the resistance conferred by A2226V and have implications for the control of M. persicae in Australia and worldwide. A diagnostic assay developed in this study should serve as a valuable tool for future resistance monitoring and to support the implementation of pest management strategies. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

P450‐mediated resistance in Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) reduces the efficacy of neonicotinoid seed treatments in Brassica napus

“…All three clones were homozygous wild‐type at the L1014F ( kdr ) loci, while EastNaernup209 and Osborne171 were heterozygous for the Super ‐kdr mutation M918L (Table 2). These results are consistent with our earlier studies on these aphid clones 6,30 …”

“…These three aphid populations were selected as they had different copy numbers of the CYP6CY3 gene. 6 Aphids were maintained in the laboratory on single bok choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis) leaves that were placed within 60 mm Petri dishes containing 10 g L −1 agar.…”

“…3 Resistances to cyclodienes, carbamates, synthetic pyrethroids, organophosphates, and neonicotinoids appear commonplace in many parts of the world, while new resistances, such as to sulfoxaflor and spirotetramat, continue to evolve in countries where chemicals remain the major means by which to control M. persicae. [4][5][6] The molecular and biochemical mechanisms conferring resistance in M. persicae have been extensively studied, 4 with targetsite insensitivity and enhanced metabolic detoxification the most common mechanisms underlying resistance. Interestingly, for some chemical groups, such as neonicotinoids, resistance is conferred via several distinct mechanisms.…”

“…There are 477 records of M. persicae populations exhibiting resistance to more than 80 different insecticide compounds reported globally in the Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database 3 . Resistances to cyclodienes, carbamates, synthetic pyrethroids, organophosphates, and neonicotinoids appear commonplace in many parts of the world, while new resistances, such as to sulfoxaflor and spirotetramat, continue to evolve in countries where chemicals remain the major means by which to control M. persicae 4–6 …”

Insecticide resistance management of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Australian cotton – pyriproxyfen, spirotetramat and buprofezin

“…Spirotetramat has been commonly used in this region on vegetable crops since 2009 to control hemipteran pests including Myzus persicae in which resistance has recently been detected. 40 The sequencing results for the A2083V mutation aligned well with the phenotypic screening for spirotetramat resistance which is in agreement with a recent study that demonstrated a phenotype-by-genotype correlation between mortality to a ketoenol insecticide and the mutation frequency of A2083V. 41 Based on our sequencing results the discriminating dose of 100 mg L −1 is performing satisfactorily; although it may have occasionally reported false positives, no false negatives were recorded in this study.…”