Spiropyrans and Spirooxazines for Memories and Switches

Berkovic, Garry; Krongauz, Valeri; Weiss, Victor U.

doi:10.1021/cr9800715

Cited by 1,487 publications

(949 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Spectral evolution during aggregation and precipitation. The 440nm band in the blue region is the characteristic of the formation of the so-called H-or sandwiched aggregates having an anti-parallel dipole arrangement 13 . This band increases rapidly while the merocyanine maximum decreases.…”

Section: Solvation States Of the Open Merocyanine And Its Aggregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvation effect and aggregation of semipermanent spiro[indole-phenanthrolinoxazines] in CH3CN / H2O binary solvent

Gaeva¹,

Metelitsa²,

Voloshin³

et al. 2005

Arkivoc

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Section: Solvation States Of the Open Merocyanine And Its Aggregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvation effect and aggregation of semipermanent spiro[indole-phenanthrolinoxazines] in CH3CN / H2O binary solvent

Gaeva¹,

Metelitsa²,

Voloshin³

et al. 2005

Arkivoc

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“…Spirooxazines exhibit the well-known photochromic reaction of photo-induced interconversion between the original colorless form and the colored merocyanine (MC) form [3,6]. The MC easily coordinates to specific metal ions (e.g., Zn 2+ ) in solution and forms fluorescent and non-fluorescent MC-M n+ complexes; the former is stable to heat and visible light while the latter is unstable [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochromic behavior of spironaphthoxazine in metal ion-containing solutions

Nishikiori

Takamura

Shimamura

et al. 2011

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry

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The isomerization and metal chelation of spironaphthoxazine (SNO) in ethanol solutions have been investigated by measuring the UV-vis absorption spectra as a function of time.The protonated species of merocyanine (MC), an isomer of SNO, was gradually formed in the solutions containing SNO and aluminum ions in the dark. The proton was provided by the reaction of the aluminum ions with a slight amount of water contained in the ethanol solvent.The protonated species was slowly transformed into the aluminum chelate complex of MC by ligand exchange of the ethanol-solvated aluminum for MC in the dark. UV irradiation promoted the isomerization and chelation without forming the protonated species. The spectroscopic analysis with various compositional ratios of SNO and aluminum ions revealed that one aluminum ion was coordinated to three bidentate MC ligands in the ethanol solution.

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“…The direct interconversion between the two states SP and ME relies on the photoisomerization of a spiropyran chromophore (36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41). This switching process is controlled solely by optical inputs, and the two isomers have distinct absorption properties in the visible region (32).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-optical processing with molecular switches

Raymo

Giordani

2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

194

100

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A gradual transition from electrical to optical networks is accompanying the rapid progress of telecommunication technology. The urge for enhanced transmission capacity and speed is dictating this trend. In fact, large volumes of data encoded on optical signals can be transported rapidly over long distances. Their propagation along specific routes across a communication network is ensured by a combination of optical fibers and optoelectronic switches. It is becoming apparent, however, that the interplay between the routing electrical stimulations and the traveling optical signals will not be able to support the terabit-per-second capacities that will be needed in the near future. O ptical communication networks transport hundreds of gigabits per second over hundreds of kilometers (1, 2). The efficient transmission of data relies on the integration of optoelectronic devices and optical fibers. They are responsible for the generation, amplification, conduction, routing, and detection of optical signals. At each step, the continuous interplay between optical and electrical stimulations controls data processing. In particular, electronically controlled switches guide the traveling optical signals along programmed routes across the communication networks. Signal routing requires multiple optoelectronic and electroopitc conversion steps. From input fibers, the propagating optical signals reach the routing devices, where they are converted into electrical signals, processed in this form, reconverted into optical signals and, finally, directed to specific output fibers. These inevitable optoelectronic and electroopitc conversions are a major ''bottleneck'' to the development of optical networks (3, 4). Besides the obvious loss in signal intensity associated with each conversion step, these switching devices are relatively slow and can process only few signals simultaneously. Only a tiny fraction of the potential transmission capacity of optical fibers is used in present communication networks. These limitations are stimulating considerable research efforts to develop innovative operating principles for optical switching (5-8).A variety of clever and efficient strategies to completely eliminate undesired optoelectronic and electroopitc conversion steps have already been identified (5-8). It is now possible to maintain the propagating signals exclusively at the optical level. However, these methods rely heavily on electronics and, presumably, they will not be able to support the terabit-per-second capacities that will be needed in the near future. Their major limitation is that the switching operations are still controlled by electrical stimulations. The traveling optical signals are routed in response to electrical signals, which cannot handle the immense parallelism offered by optical fibers. Strategies to control optical signals in response to optical signals are potentially much more attractive. However, the identification of reliable operating principles for all-optical switches is a challenging goal.Molecular switch...

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Spiropyrans and Spirooxazines for Memories and Switches

Cited by 1,487 publications

References 79 publications

Solvation effect and aggregation of semipermanent spiro[indole-phenanthrolinoxazines] in CH3CN / H2O binary solvent

Solvation effect and aggregation of semipermanent spiro[indole-phenanthrolinoxazines] in CH3CN / H2O binary solvent

Photochromic behavior of spironaphthoxazine in metal ion-containing solutions

All-optical processing with molecular switches

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