Spirometra species from Asia: Genetic diversity and taxonomic challenges

Yamasaki, Hiroshi; Sanpool, Oranuch; Rodpai, Rutchanee; Sadaow, Lakkhana; Laummaunwai, Porntip; Un, Mesa; Thanchomnang, Tongjit; Laymanivong, Sakhone; Aung, Win Pa Pa; Intapan, Pewpan M.; Maleewong, Wanchai

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2020.102181

Cited by 32 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…To clarify the phylogenetic relationship of the enigmatic parasite S. proliferum with other cestode species and investigate the underlying pathogenic mechanisms, we sequenced its entire genome as well as that of newly isolated S. erinaceieuropaei (it should be noted that recent studies suggested that Asian S. erinaceieuropaei can be taxonomically distinguished from European S. erinaceieuropaei 15,16 , but we retain the name S. erinaceieuropaei for the Japanese isolate). We also performed transcriptome analyses of S. proliferum plerocercoid larvae to identify genes that are involved in asexual proliferation in the host.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genome of the fatal tapeworm Sparganum proliferum uncovers mechanisms for cryptic life cycle and aberrant larval proliferation

et al. 2021

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The cryptic parasite Sparganum proliferum proliferates in humans and invades tissues and organs. Only scattered cases have been reported, but S. proliferum infection is always fatal. However, S. proliferum’s phylogeny and life cycle remain enigmatic. To investigate the phylogenetic relationships between S. proliferum and other cestode species, and to examine the mechanisms underlying pathogenicity, we sequenced the entire genomes of S. proliferum and a closely related non–life-threatening tapeworm Spirometra erinaceieuropaei. Additionally, we performed larvae transcriptome analyses of S. proliferum plerocercoid to identify genes involved in asexual reproduction in the host. The genome sequences confirmed that the S. proliferum has experienced a clearly distinct evolutionary history from S. erinaceieuropaei. Moreover, we found that nonordinal extracellular matrix coordination allows asexual reproduction in the host, and loss of sexual maturity in S. proliferum are responsible for its fatal pathogenicity to humans. Our high-quality reference genome sequences should be valuable for future studies of pseudophyllidean tapeworm biology and parasitism.

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Genome of the fatal tapeworm Sparganum proliferum uncovers mechanisms for cryptic life cycle and aberrant larval proliferation

et al. 2021

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“…Spirometrosis is known to cause gastrointestinal symptoms, including vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss. However, not all infected cats show clinical symptoms [ 10 , 11 , 13 ]. In our cases, the cat in Case 1 was initially diagnosed as having intestinal bowel disease, which has clinical symptoms similar to those of spirometrosis.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…belonged to Type I (Fig. 2), as suggested by Yamasaki et al [11]. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA based on the Maximum Likelihood method with 500 bootstrap replications.…”

Section: Morphological and Molecular Identification Of Spirometramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been a debate on the species classification of Spirometra spp. [3,[11][12][13]. Traditionally, species classification is achieved by evaluating the shape and number of uterine coils of adult worms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, species classification is achieved by evaluating the shape and number of uterine coils of adult worms. However, some studies have suggested that this method is insufficient to clearly differentiate various species [ 11 , 12 ]. Additionally, without significant consideration of morphological or molecular analysis, many Spirometra species have been recorded as S. erinaceieuropaei , which makes it difficult to determine the regional distribution of Spirometra spp.…”

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confidence: 99%

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First Clinical Cases of Spirometrosis in Two Cats in Korea

Kim¹,

Ock²,

Yang³

et al. 2021

Korean J Parasitol

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This study reports the first two clinical cases of spirometrosis caused by Spirometra sp. in cats in Korea. In these two cases, the cats vomited, and long proglottids of tapeworm were recovered. The sick cats presented with anorexia and lethargy. However, they unexpectedly showed no diarrhea, which is the main symptom of spirometrosis. Based on a fecal floatation test as well as morphological and molecular analyses, the parasite was diagnosed as Spirometra sp. The 2 cases were treated with praziquantel. This study suggests regular monitoring of health and deworming in companion animals, even when animals are well cared for, with regular preventive medication. Additionally, spirometrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis in cases of gastrointestinal symptoms in Spirometra endemic areas.

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The global prevalence of Spirometra parasites in snakes, frogs, dogs, and cats: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Badri

Olfatifar

KarimiPourSaryazdi

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background: Spirometra infection is aneglected food-and waterborne disease with worldwide distribution.Objectives: The present study aims to estimate the global prevalence of Spirometra species in snakes, frogs, dogs and cats. Methods: Multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were searched for relevant literatures published up to March 2022.Results: Among 131 data sets (including 113 articles) that met the inclusion, 15 investigations reported Spirometra infection in snakes, 23 in frogs, 41 in dogs and 52 in cats.The pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) in intermediate hosts and definitive hosts was found to be 0.313% and 0.089%, respectively. Based on continent, the infection was most prevalent in Asia for studies on snakes (0.696%) and frogs (0.181%), while Africa (0.224%) and Oceania (0.203%) were the regions with the highest pooled prevalence rates of the infection in dogs and cats, respectively. Among different diagnostic methods, the highest pooled prevalence was related to morphological method for studies on snakes, frog and cats with rate of 0.665%, 0.189% and 0.104%, respectively. Regarding studies on dogs, the highest pooled prevalence was observed for molecular technique (0.101%). Conclusions:The results presented here revealed the importance of establishing a prevention and control measure focused on protection of aquaculture systems from being contaminated with faeces of dogs and cats, and raising awareness of parasitic zoonotic diseases to decrease the transmission risk.

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Spirometra species from Asia: Genetic diversity and taxonomic challenges

Cited by 32 publications

References 50 publications

Genome of the fatal tapeworm Sparganum proliferum uncovers mechanisms for cryptic life cycle and aberrant larval proliferation

Genome of the fatal tapeworm Sparganum proliferum uncovers mechanisms for cryptic life cycle and aberrant larval proliferation

First Clinical Cases of Spirometrosis in Two Cats in Korea

The global prevalence of Spirometra parasites in snakes, frogs, dogs, and cats: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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