“…To assess the mechanisms of well-being production requires observing change within people who differ in theoretically relevant ways and assessing how their lives turn out (Garssen and Visser, 2016). However, previous investigations of spirituality and well-being, including high-quality reviews and meta-analyses, have nearly exclusively relied on cross-sectional samples (Ano and Vasconcelles, 2005; Hackney and Sanders, 2003; Jan et al, 2020; Sawatzky et al, 2005; Smith et al, 2003; Visser et al, 2010; Yonker et al, 2012), and have sampled from small sub-populations such as older adults (Lawler-Row and Elliott, 2009), urban African American women (Holt et al, 2003), rural Kenyan men (Goodman et al, 2020), and Ghanaian parents of children with special needs (Dey et al, 2019). Such limitations have been evident over 20 years (see, e.g.…”