Spiraling to Ethnic War: Elites, Masses, and Moscow in Moldova's Civil War

Kaufman, Stuart J.

doi:10.1162/isec.21.2.108

Cited by 147 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Notes 1. See also Kaufman (1994/95, 1996a, 1996b, 1996c), van Evera (1994, and Kaufmann (1996Kaufmann ( , 1998). 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, the indicators of group concentration and majority status are rendered statistically non-significant when regional ethnic diversity is taken into account. Geographically induced first-strike advantages in ethnic conflict are in the literature supposed to operate within the framework of the so-called security dilemma (Kaufman, 1994(Kaufman, /95, 1996a(Kaufman, , 1996b(Kaufman, , 1996c(Kaufman, , 2001Kaufmann, 1996Kaufmann, , 1998Posen, 1993;van Evera, 1994). When choosing control variables in addition to the indicators of group concentration and majority status, I therefore include other factors that exacerbate or mitigate the security dilemma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Geography of Fear: Regional Ethnic Diversity, the Security Dilemma and Ethnic War

Melander

2009

European Journal of International Relations

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This article explores to what extent the security dilemma through geographically induced first-strike advantages is a contributing cause of ethnic warfare. If there are possibly decisive advantages to be gained from striking the first blow, both temptation and fear may shortcut efforts to resolve a conflict in less costly ways, and trigger massive violence. Theoretical work and case studies suggest that in ethnic conflicts intermingled settlement patterns give rise to such first-strike advantages. I test whether ethnic groups in conflict are more likely to become involved in ethnic warfare if their main region of settlement is ethnically diverse. I also include controls intended to capture other aspects of the security dilemma. In robustness tests, I add indicators of group concentration and local majority status that have been found to increase the risk of ethnic violence in previous quantitative studies. I find a strong, statistically significant association between regional ethnic diversity and ethnic warfare.

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“…Notes 1. See also Kaufman (1994/95, 1996a, 1996b, 1996c), van Evera (1994, and Kaufmann (1996Kaufmann ( , 1998). 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geography of Fear: Regional Ethnic Diversity, the Security Dilemma and Ethnic War

Melander

2009

European Journal of International Relations

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“…It is sufficient if it is declared by the people themselves. (Celovek i ego prava, 6 June 2007, 4) As many authors have shown, the process of identity construction relies on the way in which individuals, in their everyday lives, negotiate and modify their own identities changing at least some of their sense of ethnic belonging without necessarily divesting themselves of all from it (King 1993;Chinn 1996;Kaufman 1996). According to such constructivist approach, ethnic groups are not naturally determined entities but modern social constructs.…”

Section: Identity and Reinterpretation Of The Past And Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Staging the Transnistrian Identity Within the Heritage of Soviet Holidays

Şveţ¹

2013

History and Anthropology

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This article focuses on the performance of three national holidays in Transnistria in the context of the ongoing consolidation of Transnistrian society since 1991. Transnistrian leaders play a key role in the construction of a distinct Transnistrian regional identity; hence this paper pays close attention to the speeches of Transnistrian leaders as reported in the mass media. In addition, I also base my conclusions on interviews with the residents of Rybnita. I was able to observe and describe the official commemorations of the anniversary of the October Revolution, May Day and Victory Day, all key Soviet holidays which are still celebrated in Transnistria, mostly by the older generation and members of the Communist Party. The theoretical framework of the article, therefore, relies on a constructivist approach to the nation-building process through the manipulation of public opinion by elites.

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“…The rapidly expanding research programme around the application of international relations theory in the study of civil wars, for example, maintains a negative role for leaders who mismanage 'security dilemmas' that 'spiral' into violence (Posen 1993;Snyder & Jervis 1999;Rose 2000). For Brown (1996/97) leadership is one of the key proximate causes of internal conflict, and Kaufman (1996b), while discussing elite-led and masses-led violence patterns, stresses that hostile masses, belligerent leaders, and inter-ethnic security dilemmas lead to ethnic war through a spiral of conflict. Even in agencydriven analyses of the Yugoslav wars (Gagnon 2004(Gagnon , 1994 In the former Yugoslavia itself, anthropological studies have provided crucial insights often missed by more theory-driven approaches.…”

Section: The Theoretical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ‘Paradox’ of Tuzla City: Explaining Non-nationalist Local Politics during the Bosnian War

Armakolas

2011

Europe-Asia Studies

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Spiraling to Ethnic War: Elites, Masses, and Moscow in Moldova's Civil War

Cited by 147 publications

References 7 publications

The Geography of Fear: Regional Ethnic Diversity, the Security Dilemma and Ethnic War

The Geography of Fear: Regional Ethnic Diversity, the Security Dilemma and Ethnic War

Staging the Transnistrian Identity Within the Heritage of Soviet Holidays

The ‘Paradox’ of Tuzla City: Explaining Non-nationalist Local Politics during the Bosnian War

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