Spiral wound modules performance an analytical solution: Part II

Steady state and dynamic modeling of spiral wound wastewater reverse osmosis process

“…In addition, increasing operating pressure results in increased %solute rejection. The same results have been confirmed by Avlonitis et al (1993). …”

“…Avlonitis et al (1991Avlonitis et al ( , 1993Avlonitis et al ( and 2007 have developed an explicit analytical steady state spatial model for spiral-wound modules based on the solutiondiffusion theory but assumed constant physical properties and neglected the diffusive mass transport along the axial and spiral dimensions in both channels. Boudinar et al (1992) have proposed another steady state model for spiral-wound RO module based on the solutiondiffusion model assuming the pressure loss in the two channels being a function of brine and permeate friction parameters (Darcy's law for porous media) and constant fluid density.…”

Analysis of reverse osmosis membrane performance during desalination of simulated brackish surface waters

“…Many mathematical models of reverse osmosis system were developed in the last two decades and most of the models have the same basic equations. In the mathematical models done by Avlonitis et al, (1993), Geraldes et al, (2005), and Hoek et al (2008), flat feed channels of the spiral wound modules with width of W, length of L and height of h were assumed as shown in Figure 3.5. The reason behind this assumption is because of the small thickness of the feed channel compared to the radius of the vessel.…”

“…Solute flux through the membrane, < , exists as a result of the high difference in the solute concentration across the membrane and can be estimated by the following equation (Geise et al, 2011;Kucera, 2010;Hoek et al 2008;Geraldes et al, 2005;Avlonitis et al, 1993):…”

Energy consumption for desalination — A comparison of forward osmosis with reverse osmosis, and the potential for perfect membranes

“…Published research on SWRO has investigated reducing the SEC by optimising the membrane module [2,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and/or using more permeable membranes [8,[14][15][16]. However, these studies have utilised modelling tools [1,2] without process simulation tools.…”