Spionidae (Polychaeta: Canalipalpata: Spionida) from seamounts in the NE Atlantic

Abstract

Spionidae (Polychaeta) collected from seamounts in the Atlantic Ocean were studied. Altogether six species were found of which two are new to science and one belongs to a new genus. Aonidella cf. dayi Maciolek in López-Jamar, 1989 and Glandulospio orestes gen. et sp. nov. were the most common species and occurred on both the Great and Little Meteor Seamount, the Irving Seamount and the Hyeres Seamount. Laonice norgensis Sikorski, 2003 and Malacoceros jirkovi Sikorski, 1992 have a wider distribution in the North Atlantic, including the Mediterranean Sea in case of L. norgensis. Aonides selvagensis Brito, Núñez and Riera, 2006 is only known from the Macaronesian Region. Dipolydora paracaulleryi sp. nov. has been collected from both the Great and Little Meteor Seamounts. All species are compared with morphological similar species and their taxonomy is discussed. Detailed descriptions are provided for the species new to science and descriptions of the previously known species are amended. Accompanying histological studies revealed the presence of very strong dorsoventral musculature in A. cf. dayi and for G. orestes gen. et sp. nov. the presence of glandular organs in the middle body region. Laonice maciolekae Aguirrezabalaga & Ceberio, 2005 was found to be a junior synonym of L. appellöfi Söderström, 1920 and is formally synonymised. Molecular data suggest gene flow between seamounts and autochthonous as well as allochthonous larval recruitment for different species. The results of previous studies by other authors, that polychaete communities of the North Atlantic Seamounts are characterized by low diversity, low rates of endemism, and the predominance of widely distributed (and cosmopolitan) species is not corroborated by our results.

Spionidae (Annelida: ‘Polychaeta’: Canalipalpata) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the genera Malacoceros, Scolelepis, Spio, Microspio, and Spiophanes

“…For this species nuchal organs being small elongate grooves lateral to the posterior tip of the prostomium have been observed (Meißner et al 2014). Metameric dorsal ciliated organs are not discernable (Meißner et al 2014).…”

“…The term anterolateral horns might refer to morphologically similar but non-homologous structures within Spionidae (Rhynchospio, Glandulospio, Scolecolepides, Glyphochaeta, Pygospiopsis, Lindaspio, Atherospio, Spiophanes, Microspio, etc.) and a detailed review of this character is certainly required for all taxa (Meißner et al 2014). However, the prostomial shape of S. jirkovi being subtriangular, seems rather unusual for Spio.…”

Molecular and morphometric analyses identify new lineages within a large Eumida (Annelida) species complex

“…str., E. mackiei and E. maia), and haplotype numbers are high, but still not as extreme as in some of the Terebellides species found by Nygren et al (2018), such as T. gracilis Malm, 1874 andT. atlantis Williams, 1984, where almost all specimens sampled and sequenced have their own unique haplotype, which, in such situations, might suggest additional larval recruitment from other source populations (Meißner et al, 2014). For species with more than two specimens, haplotype numbers were still not as low as, for example, the cosmopolitan species Alitta virens (M. Sars, 1835) with 1 haplotype in 16 sequences (Breton, Dufresne, Desrosiers, & Blier, 2003).…”

Histochemical evidence of β‐chitin in parapodial glandular organs and tubes of Spiophanes (Annelida, Sedentaria: Spionidae), and first studies on selected Annelida

“…Another spionid taxon with prominent glands is G. orestes . Considering the location in the anterior body and the fibrous content of the glands of G. orestes , they superficially resemble the PGOs of Spiophanes (Meißner et al, ). CFW stained histological sections of G. orestes show fluorescent small “dots” at the proximal part of the PGOs.…”

“…They have been collected from localities in the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and the North Sea. The material includes specimens of Spiophanes kroyeri Grube () Spiophanes japonicum Imajima (), D. quadrilobata (Jacobi, 1883), G. orestes Meißner, et al (), as well as O. fusiformis Delle Chiaje (1844).…”