Spinoza’s Concept of God: Modern Interpretations

Abstract

Spinoza devoted his philosophical system to clarifying the teachings of God. Spinoza is one of the most interested philosophers in the history of philosophy throughout the centuries. It is worth noting the study of the views of the German philosophers of the Enlightenment in the teachings of Spinoza: Goethe, Schelling, Fischer, Shevchenko, and Feuerbach. It is clear that one of the important issues in the history of philosophy that deserves mention in Spinoza is the doctrine of God, one of the most important and profound aspects of Spinoza's teachings. Spinoza developed other doctrines such as monism, materialism, free will, nature, and essence. Spinoza's teachings on God have theoretical, ideological, and methodological significance. Spinoza's interpretation of the concept of God is key to understanding his philosophy, is the primary, central category of the thinker's philosophy and is one of the most controversial concepts among Spinozists, also because it is associated with religious meanings. Spinoza's intellectual study includes the substance relating to the concept of God, in defining what Spinoza focuses on absolute eternity and infinity. Substance, consisting of an infinite number of attributes, each expressing an eternal and infinite essence, and the key to Spinoza's essence, as we shall see, is unity, that is, the unity of being between God and Nature. In the attached text, we will find that God is the doctrine of substance, nature and religious sense. Russian philosophy goes back in many ways to the traditions of German philosophy: Materialism to Feuerbach and Marxism to Hegel, Kant and Schelling, and we will see the philosophers' critique of materialism.