Spinothalamocortical projections to the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) in squirrel monkey

Stevens, Roger T.; London, Susan; Apkarian, A. Vania

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91541-y

Cited by 103 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Our anatomic work (Gingold et al, 199 1;Stevens et al, 1993) as well as many other earlier studies (for review and references, see Kaas and Pons 1988;Krubitzer and Kaas, 1992) show that primary and secondary somatosensory cortices (SI and SII) receive their main inputs from VPL and VPI, respectively. Since VPL nociresponsive cells are mostly WDR type, we conclude that SI nociresponsive cells should be mainly of the WDR type, which is consistent with physiologic studies of SI (Kenshalo and Isensee, 1983;Kenshalo et al, 1988).…”

Section: Cortical Targetssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…These sections were then stained for cresyl violet, and thalamic nuclear boundaries superimposed on the digitized plots, using blood vessels and section boundaries as landmarks. Nuclear boundaries were determined using the same procedures as presented before, by comparing the cresyl violet tissue with the cytochrome oxidase-/and myelin-stained neighboring sections and comparing the terminal label anh stained tissue to our earlier anatomic results (Gingold et al, 1991;Stevens et al, 1993). Electrode tracks and electrolytic lesion sites were also superimposed on these plots.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, it is accepted that medial thalamic regions with nociceptive responses are mainly involved in motivational and affective properties of pain, while the lateral thalamic nuclei with nociceptive responses are presumed to process and transmit discriminative aspects of noxious stimuli (see, e.g., Melzack and Casey, 1968;Price and Dubner, 1977;Craig and Burton, 198 1;KnilIki and Mizumura, 1983). For a number of years we have been charting the anatomy of nociceptive information transfer by the spinothalamic pathway through the thalamus to the cortex (Gingold et al, I99 1;Shi et al, 1993;Stevens et al, 1993) in the squirrel monkey. These studies imply that different subdivisions of the lateral thalamus receive and transmit specific types of nociceptive information to specific subdivisions of the somatosensory cortex.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This facilitates studying the properties of neurons in VP1 and comparing them to neurons located in the ventral posterior lateral (VPL) or medial (VPM) nuclei (see below, and Gingold et al, 199 1;Stevens et al, 1993). In comparison, the VP1 in Old World monkeys seems relatively smaller and the borders between VP1 and VP are also less clear (Jones, 1985).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Squirrel monkey lateral thalamus. I. Somatic nociresponsive neurons and their relation to spinothalamic terminals

1994

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The incidence and response properties of nociresponsive neurons, their locations relative to spinothalamic terminals, and their relations to cytoarchitectonic borders were studied in the lateral thalamus of the squirrel monkey. Nociceptive neurons were found in ventral posterior inferior nucleus (VPI), in the lateral and medial nuclei (VPL and VPM) of the ventral posterior complex (VP = VPL + VPM), as well as the posterior complex (PO). The overall incidence of nociresponsive cells was 19% (50 of 270 cells). The proportion of nociresponsive neurons within VPI was 50% (23 of 46), 38% in PO (8 of 21), and 10% in VP (19 of 203). Most nociresponsive cells (90%) in VP were of wide-dynamic- range type, while within VPI 43% of nociresponsive cells were nociceptive-specific type. Most of these nociresponsive cells had thermal and mechanical responses, and a small number also responded to cooling. The receptive fields of nociresponsive cells in VPL were in continuity, in both size and body location, with surrounding low- threshold units. The receptive fields of VPI and PO nociresponsive cells were larger than those in VPL. The probability of encountering nociresponsive cells located within 100 microns of spinothalamic terminations was high in VPI (73%) and low in VPL (33%). On the other hand, the probability of encountering non-nociceptive cells located within 100 microns of spinothalamic terminals was low in both VPI (20%) and VPL (26%). The results indicate segregation of nociresponsive cell types across VP, VPI, and PO and suggest that VPI, and perhaps PO, is an important region for discriminative processing and perception of painful stimuli.

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Section: Cortical Targetssupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Squirrel monkey lateral thalamus. I. Somatic nociresponsive neurons and their relation to spinothalamic terminals

1994

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“…At present, there is not a consensus on the exact role of pain-related activity in the posterior insula and parietal operculum. Both anatomical components of this region are projection sites for ventral posterior thalamic nuclei, including the posterior portion of the ventral medial nucleus, which is the primary source of nociceptive input for the insula [Craig et al, 1994;Stevens et al, 1993]. Cells with nociceptive responses in the traditional S2 region have rarely been described [Treede et al, 2000].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain activity associated with painfully hot stimuli applied to the upper limb: A meta‐analysis

Farrell

Laird

Egan

2005

Human Brain Mapping

115

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Abstract:The capacity of pain to alert against potential injury or focus attention on damaged tissue is enhanced by the intrinsically aversive nature of the experience. Finding methods to relieve pain will ultimately be facilitated by deeper understanding of the processes that contribute to the experience, and functional brain imaging has contributed substantially toward that end. An impressive body of literature has identified a distributed network of pain-related activity in the brain that is subject to considerable modulation by different stimulus parameters, contextual factors, and clinical conditions. The fundamental substrates of the pain network are yet to be distilled from the highly variable results of studies published thus far. Qualitative reviews of the pain-imaging literature have been contributory, but lack the greater surety of quantitative methods. We employ the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analytic technique to establish the most consistent activations among studies reporting brain responses subsequent to the application of noxious heat. A network of pain-related activity was replicated for stimuli to either upper limb that included two discernible regions of the mid-anterior cingulate cortex, bilateral thalami, insula, and opercula cortices, posterior parietal cortex, premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, and cerebellum. The findings of the meta-analysis resonate with other streams of information that continue to enhance our understanding of pain in the brain. The results also point toward new areas of research that may be fruitful for the exploration of central pain processing. Hum Brain Mapp 25:129 -139, 2005.

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Multiarchitectonic and stereotactic atlas of the human thalamus

1997

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To improve anatomical definition and stereotactic precision of thalamic targets in neurosurgical treatments of chronic functional disorders, a new atlas of the human thalamus has been developed. This atlas is based on multiarchitectonic parcellation in sections parallel or perpendicular to the standard intercommissural reference plane. The calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV), calbindin D-28K (CB), and calretinin (CR) were used as neurochemical markers to further characterize thalamic nuclei and delimit subterritories of functional significance for stereotactic explorations. Their overall distribution reveals a subcompartmentalization of thalamic nuclei into several groups. Predominant PV immunostaining characterizes primary somatosensory, visual and auditory nuclei, the ventral lateral posterior nucleus, reticular nucleus (R), and to a lesser degree also, lateral part of the centre median nucleus, and anterior, lateral, and inferior divisions of the pulvinar complex. In contrast, CB immunoreactivity is prevalent in medial thalamic nuclei (intralaminar and midline), the posterior complex, ventral posterior inferior nucleus, the ventral lateral anterior nucleus, ventral anterior, and ventral medial nuclei. The complementary distributions of PV and CB appear to correlate with distinct lemniscal and spinothalamic somatosensory pathways and to cerebellar and pallidal motor territories, respectively. Calretinin, while overlapping with CB in medial thalamic territories, is also expressed in R and limbic associated anterior group nuclei that contain little or no CB. Preliminary analysis indicates that interindividual nuclear variations cannot easily be taken into account by standardization procedures. Nevertheless, some corrections in antero-posterior coordinates in relation to different intercommissural distances are proposed.

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Spinothalamocortical projections to the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) in squirrel monkey

Cited by 103 publications

References 29 publications

Squirrel monkey lateral thalamus. I. Somatic nociresponsive neurons and their relation to spinothalamic terminals

Squirrel monkey lateral thalamus. I. Somatic nociresponsive neurons and their relation to spinothalamic terminals

Brain activity associated with painfully hot stimuli applied to the upper limb: A meta‐analysis

Multiarchitectonic and stereotactic atlas of the human thalamus

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