Spinner dolphins in a remote Hawaiian atoll: social grouping and population structure

Karczmarski, Leszek; Würsig, Bernd; Gailey, Glenn; Larson, Keith W.; Vanderlip, Cynthia

doi:10.1093/beheco/ari028

Cited by 151 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…There is evidence that stable association that only change with death and birth do exist in nature (e.g. Karczmarski et al, 2005). This can serve as a base line: there is always some topological change in the interaction network, it cannot be static.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of cooperation on dynamical graphs

Kun

Scheuring

2009

Biosystems

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a b s t r a c tThere are two key characteristic of animal and human societies: (1) degree heterogeneity, meaning that not all individual have the same number of associates; and (2) the interaction topology is not static, i.e. either individuals interact with different set of individuals at different times of their life, or at least they have different associations than their parents. Earlier works have shown that population structure is one of the mechanisms promoting cooperation. However, most studies had assumed that the interaction network can be described by a regular graph (homogeneous degree distribution). Recently there are an increasing number of studies employing degree heterogeneous graphs to model interaction topology. But mostly the interaction topology was assumed to be static. Here we investigate the fixation probability of the cooperator strategy in the prisoner's dilemma, when interaction network is a random regular graph, a random graph or a scale-free graph and the interaction network is allowed to change.We show that the fixation probability of the cooperator strategy is lower when the interaction topology is described by a dynamical graph compared to a static graph. Even a limited network dynamics significantly decreases the fixation probability of cooperation, an effect that is mitigated stronger by degree heterogeneous networks topology than by a degree homogeneous one. We have also found that from the considered graph topologies the decrease of fixation probabilities due to graph dynamics is the lowest on scale-free graphs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of cooperation on dynamical graphs

Kun

Scheuring

2009

Biosystems

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“…The sheltered and readily accessible waters of lagoons are areas of concentrated and elevated human activity (e.g., fishing, boat traffic, pollution) (Blumenthal et al 2010) and as such may be high-risk habitat for manta rays. Other highly mobile marine consumers are known to be ecologically linked to lagoons in important ways; e.g., reef sharks (economakis and lobel 1998; Papastamatiou et al 2009a); sea turtles (Mendonca and ehrhart 1982); spinner dolphins (Karczmarski et al 2005). The hypothesized uses of this vulnerable habitat by these particular species include suggestions that lagoons serve as thermal refuges, nursery or resting habitat, predator refuges, or that they provide valuable foraging opportunities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliance of mobile species on sensitive habitats: a case study of manta rays (Manta alfredi) and lagoons

et al. 2014

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used to assay the recent energetic importance of lagoons to M. alfredi; high-resolution tracking data provided information about how M. alfredi utilised lagoonal habitats over long and short time periods; acoustic cameras logged patterns of animal entrances and departures from lagoons; and photo identification/laser photogrammetry provided some insight into why they may be using this habitat. M. alfredi showed strong evidence of energetic dependence on lagoon resources during the course of the study and spent long periods of residence within lagoons or frequently transited into them from elsewhere. While within lagoons, they demonstrated affinities for particular structural features within this habitat and showed evidence of temporal patterning in habitat utilization. This work sheds light on how and why M. alfredi uses lagoons and raises questions about how this use may be altered in disturbed settings. More generally, these observations contribute to our knowledge of how to assess the ecological importance of particular habitats situated within the broader home range of mobile consumers.Abstract Quantifying the ecological importance of individual habitats to highly mobile animals is challenging because patterns of habitat reliance for these taxa are complex and difficult to observe. We investigated the importance of lagoons to the manta ray, Manta alfredi, a wide-ranging and vulnerable species in a less-disturbed atoll ecosystem. lagoons are highly sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance and are known to be ecologically important to a wide variety of mobile species. We used a novel combination of research tools to examine the reliance of M. alfredi on lagoon habitats. Stable isotope analysis was

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“…Some populations of spinner dolphins exist in the open ocean. Many others rely on daytime resting in or near island bays or in atolls and move offshore to feed at night on myctophid and squid prey of the DSL (Norris and Dohl 1980;Karczmarski et al 2005). Despite considerable variation in size and morphology in different areas, overall spinner dolphin length is about 1.8 m (5.9 ft), making it a rather small dolphin.…”

Section: Spinner Dolphinmentioning

confidence: 99%