Spinel-based catalysts for the biomass valorisation of platform moleculesviaoxidative and reductive transformations

Abstract

The catalytic transformation of the lignocellulosic biomass to different platform chemicals has paved the way to reduce global fossil fuel dependence. Biorefineries largely rely on utilizing acid catalysts and hydrogenation/oxidation...

Heterogeneous Interface Catalysts with Electron Local Exchange toward Highly Selective Oxidation of Biomass Platform Compounds

“…Previous studies have reported that the oxidation reaction on metal oxide catalysts proceeds via the Mars−van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism where surface lattice oxygen serves as the direct oxygen source participating in the dehydrogenation process, followed by oxygen replenishment into the resultant oxygen vacancies. 19,20 vacancy sites play a key role in improving the catalytic performance of oxides and oxide-supported catalysts, resulting from the different sizes, electronic structures, oxidation states, and coordination numbers of the neighboring cations. 21 From this point of view, the escape capability of surface lattice oxygen plays a crucial role in determining the catalytic performance.…”

“…With respect to the oxidation reaction of HMF for the production of FDCA, the oxidation priority order and reaction rate of aldehyde (−CHO) and alcohol (C–OH) groups are dependent on the catalytic system; therefore, the electronic/geometric structure of catalysts should meet the requirements for promoting the targeted oxidation of the carbon–oxygen group. Previous studies have reported that the oxidation reaction on metal oxide catalysts proceeds via the Mars–van Krevelen (MvK) mechanism where surface lattice oxygen serves as the direct oxygen source participating in the dehydrogenation process, followed by oxygen replenishment into the resultant oxygen vacancies. , Asymmetric oxygen/vacancy sites play a key role in improving the catalytic performance of oxides and oxide-supported catalysts, resulting from the different sizes, electronic structures, oxidation states, and coordination numbers of the neighboring cations . From this point of view, the escape capability of surface lattice oxygen plays a crucial role in determining the catalytic performance. − Single-phase oxide catalysts are featured with a symmetric structure (M 1 –O–M 1 ), in which the fixed electronic structure makes it difficult to regulate lattice oxygen activity and the resulting catalytic behavior.…”

Metal‐Free N‐Doped Carbon Catalyst Derived from Chitosan for Aqueous Formic Acid‐Mediated Selective Reductive Formylation of Quinoline and Nitroarenes

“…Moreover, the production of H 2 and CO is dependent on depleting fossil fuels, which causes several environmental threats like global warming, ozone layer depletion, poor air quality, and so on. Recently, efforts are being made to utilize biomass to prepare chemicals and fuels that are conventionally produced by fossil fuels [3–5] . Formic acid (HCOOH, FA) can be easily produced from cellulose.…”

Bifunctional Acid‐Base Zirconium Phosphonate for Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid and Cascade Transformation of Furfural to Biofuel Molecules

“…A high activity (99 % conversion and � 97 % GVL selectivity) was observed using ZrÀ TMPA, ZrÀ BDB, and HfÀ ATMP catalysts under different reaction conditions. Further, for the CTH of LA, different catalysts, including ZrPO, ZrÀ PhyÀ A, NiÀ NMT, and Sn/ AlÀ SBA-15, were identified to be highly active (� 99 % conversion and � 97 % GVL selectivity, Table S4, entries [12][13][14][15] under different reaction conditions. The catalyst reported in this work, i. e., ZrNPO 3 , gave comparable activity towards the CTH of LA to GVL (Table S4, entry 16) under milder reaction conditions using a simple catalyst.…”

“…[10] Similarly, GVL is produced by the hydrogenation of Levulinic acid (LA) or corresponding esters via two different catalytic pathways. [11,12] Both these transformations, i. e., etherification of FOL and hydrogenation of LA or levulinic ester (LE), are carried out using a single catalyst system. [6,[13][14][15] However, the production of GVL or its components can be realized via a one-pot cascade process from a versatile and readily available molecule like furfural (FFA).…”