Spinal Vascular Imaging: Technique

Vargas, Maria Isabel; Fan, Bing; Gariani, Joanna; Dietemann, J L

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-9029-6_13

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Human literature specifically covering the surgery of vascular malformations is available in plenty, while literature pertaining to clinical application in dogs (other than case reports) is lacking (23,24). Ideally, the surgical approach to a suspected intramedullary vascular malformation requires a detailed understanding of the normal vascular anatomy of the spinal cord along with advanced utilization of MR techniques and digital angiography which will enable precise understanding of the anatomical variation present in the individual case (9)(10)(11)(12)(13). With the exception of case reports, there are few studies describing angiography of the spinal cord and associated structures in veterinary medicine, mostly employing computed tomographic (CT) angiography.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In human medicine, the diagnosis of spinal vascular malformations involves an imaging screening study utilizing high-field MRI evaluating the cause of myelopathy, which is then followed up by a vascular imaging protocol to confirm the diagnosis, characterize the anatomical anomaly present, and guide treatment ( 9 , 10 ). MR angiography has been shown to provide additional information regarding the type of malformation present and may help to accurately guide surgical intervention ( 11 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their classification has varied in the veterinary literature, but recently Marr et al (1) categorized vascular lesions into three major groups: reactive vascular proliferations, vascular malformations including benign neoplasms (e.g., hemangioma) and hamartomas, and neoplastic disorders (e.g., hemangioblastoma, hemangiosarcoma). In human medicine, the diagnosis of spinal vascular malformations involves an imaging screening study utilizing highfield MRI evaluating the cause of myelopathy, which is then followed up by a vascular imaging protocol to confirm the diagnosis, characterize the anatomical anomaly present, and guide treatment (9,10). MR angiography has been shown to provide additional information regarding the type of malformation present and may help to accurately guide surgical intervention (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case report: Surgical treatment and long-term successful outcome of a spinal intramedullary vascular malformation in a dog

Santifort

Płonek²,

Grinwis

et al. 2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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A 3.5-year-old male intact Staffordshire terrier crossbreed dog was presented with a one-week history of progressive paraparesis with fecal and urinary incontinence. Neurological examination was consistent with a T3-L3 myelopathy. A magnetic resonance imaging study revealed the presence of a well-circumscribed hemorrhagic space-occupying lesion at the level of T12, suspected to be a vascular malformation, such as cavernoma or arteriovenous fistula, primary hematoma or hamartoma; less likely considerations included hemorrhagic inflammation or hemorrhagic primary or secondary neoplasia. A dorsal laminectomy, durotomy, and midline dorsal myelotomy were performed with a surgical microscope, and the vascular lesion was identified and removed. Histological examination of surgical samples yielded fibrin, hemorrhage, hematoidin pigment, and some neural tissue. Although a lining wall was visualized during surgery consistent with a vascular malformation, there was no histological confirmation of such a structure, hampering definitive classification of the lesion. There was no gross or histopathological evidence that would support a diagnosis of a hamartoma or benign neoplasia. The dog was paraplegic with intact nociception the day following surgery. Ambulation was recovered within 2 weeks. Progressive and complete recovery of neurological function was seen over the next 12 weeks. No recurrence of neurological dysfunction was seen over a 12-month follow-up period. Surgical treatment should be considered in dogs with spinal intramedullary vascular lesions which can have a successful long-term outcome.

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