Spinal shrinkage and recovery in women with and without low back pain

Fowler, Neil; Rodacki, Cintia de Lourdes Nahhas; Rodacki, André Luíz Félix

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2004.07.352

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The small standard deviation observed during the familiarization session indicated that a brief training period was sufficient to allow participants to be measured accurately, with low error that was considered adequate. The small standard deviation found in this study was in line with other studies that reported similar results 15,18,20,21 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…An exponential model was used because many studies have described stature loss and gain as positive and negative exponential functions, respectively 19 . To analyze the stature variation rate during traction and recovery, a strategy described by Fowler et al 20 was applied. This strategy consisted of piecewise-breakpoint statistical analysis in which a breakpoint (a deflection point) was estimated using the minimum square method.…”

Section: Statistical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in stature during and after spinal traction in young male subjects

Rodacki¹,

Weidle²,

Fowler³

et al. 2007

Rev. bras. fisioter.

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Background: Spinal traction is a relatively popular procedure for increasing the intervertebral space by applying separating forces. The parameters of time and magnitude of the traction forces may influence the outcomes from this procedure and need to be investigated. The duration of the benefits derived from traction is unknown and needs to be determined so that physiotherapists can provide better and more effective treatments. Objective: This study analyzed the relationship between load magnitude and time during spinal traction in relation to stature variations. Traction effect duration was also analyzed. Method: Fifteen healthy male subjects (23.1 ± 5.77 years; 1.80 ± 0.17 m and 87.0 ± 9.6 kg) were assessed under three traction conditions (0, 30 and 60% of body weight, BW) of 42 minutes. Stature variation was used to determine intervertebral disc height variation. Stature was assessed every 7 minutes during traction of 42 minutes and every 5 minutes for 45 minutes after traction ceased. Results: 0 and 30% BW traction produced similar gains (6.09 ± 1.89 mm, 5.70 ± 1.88 mm, respectively; p>0.05), while these were smaller (p<0.05) than at 60% BW (7.01 ± 1.98 mm). Significant differences (p<0.05) between 60% BW and the other conditions occurred only after the 21 st minute. Stature loss after traction showed that the traction effects were transient and lasted for approximately one hour. This suggests that traction loads of 30% BW are insufficient to produce stature gains similar to those observed with 60% BW. Conclusion: Traction showed a short-duration transient effect. For this effect to be maintained, it must be repeated at one-hour intervals. Its use is questioned because of its transient nature.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Statistical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in stature during and after spinal traction in young male subjects

Rodacki¹,

Weidle²,

Fowler³

et al. 2007

Rev. bras. fisioter.

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“…Spinal shrinkage during walking activities has been investigated in relation to LBP [9][10][11][12][13]. In these studies, between 3 and 12 mm of spinal shrinkage has been obtained using stadiometry, depending on the walk time, participant group, those with and without low back pain and the nature of the loading conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of upper limb loading on spinal shrinkage during treadmill walking

2012

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Introduction Everyday activities such as walking may elicit spinal shrinkage in an order of magnitude that has been related to lower back pain. The present study aims to compare the effects of unloaded treadmill walking with walking carrying loads representing everyday shopping tasks. Materials and methods Walking tasks were performed on seven healthy males and motion analysis was used to track four reflective markers at 100 Hz, dividing the spine into three segments. Static data was collected in 5-min intervals over a 30-min period. Results Total spinal length and lumbar segment decreased with respect to time (p \ 0.001). Load affected the percentage length change at each spinal segment (p \ 0.005), with the lumbar segment showing greatest height loss at the highest load. The upper and lower thoracic segments showed greater anterior lean with the heavier loads (p = 0.000) and the lumbar segment showed the opposite trend (p = 0.000). Conclusion Results suggest that the body adopts less anterior lean with an immediate load-bearing demand, to decrease the necessary extension moment generated by the spinal extensors for spinal stability. Further postural alteration in the same direction is observed with prolonged loading. In combination with lumbar spinal shrinkage, such postural changes are likely to increase the loading on the facet joints and subsequently unload the discs which may be beneficial for those with low back pain.

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“…Treadmill walking elicits significant spinal shrinkage of between 3 and 8 mm, depending on the length of the walk [4][5][6][7] with increased weight bearing causing increased shrinkage [4,6]. This height loss is part of the diurnal height change cycle, which is dependant on age, gender and spinal loading [8], with typical daytime vertical loss of around 16-19 mm, corresponding to approximately a 1% stature loss [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…By relieving the compressive load, for example by lying down, spinal shrinkage can be recovered and the height which has been lost can be partly or completely regained [6,11,12]. However, those with chronic back pain do not recover their height as well as those without LBP [5]. This may be due to loss of hydrophilic proteoglycans from degenerated intervertebral discs (IVDs) or increased paraspinal muscle activity [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%