Spinal shape analysis in 1,020 healthy young adults aged from 19 to 30 years

Abstract

The studies provided only outcomes of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis curvatures in the sagittal plane. Lateral deviation in the frontal plane was not measured; 2) more statistical data than mean and standard deviation was provided rarely. To our knowledge, only Keller et al. (2005) provided the values of skewness and kurtosis and Boulay et al. (2006) showed a normal distribution of spinal variables; 3) the negative effect of radiography has been concerned repeatedly (Doody et al., 2000; Ronckers et al., 2010). Thus it is ethically disputable to load the normal population with a radiographic examination only in order to establish the spinal shape distribution in them. To overcome this obstacle non-radiographic methods for measurement of spine shape have been called (Patias, Grivas, Kaspiris, Aggouris, & Drakoutos, 2010). We developed and validated one of such method based on the determining

Concept of mathematical modeling of lumbar and thoracic spine based on elastic beam theory

“…Additionally, the model of 𝛼 = 1.5 was fitted to the data of a typical sagittal spinal shape both on a man and woman, respectively (Krejčí et al, 2016). Figure 6 presents the fitted results, indicating that the data for both men and women and the model fit well, which suggests that gender differences can be expressed using the model.…”

“…𝒆 ̃= [𝒆 1 , … , 𝒆 𝑛 ] , and 𝑒̃𝑝 ,𝑞 describes the 𝑝, 𝑞 element of 𝒆 ̃. The orthogonal distance from the centroid axis 𝑦 was set to 0 based on the data of Keller et al (2005); Krejčí et al (2016) were the center of the spine, and for Post and Leferink (2004), the length of the back surface to the center of the spine was unknown, and we assumed that there were small differences in the shape of the spine. The cost function, Eq.…”