Spinal segmental myoclonus following spinal surgery

Pande, Shrikant D; Ang, Kokcher; Myat, May Win; Neo, Shermyn; Subramaniam, Sivashankar

doi:10.1080/02688697.2020.1777262

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This is especially relevant in cases of spinal segmental myoclonus, manifested by rhythmic, jerk-like contractions of muscles (or other dyskinesias, such as rotatory movement of the scapula or "belly dancer" dyskinesia) innervated by cervical, thoracic or lumbar roots. Such segmental movements have been described after peripheral or spinal injury, procedure, or surgery [105][106][107]. Treatment of spinal myoclonus with tetrabenazine was first described by Hoehn and Cherington [108].…”

Section: Myoclonus and Polyminimyoclonusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripherally-induced Movement Disorders: An Update

Lenka¹,

Jankovic

2023

Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements

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Background: Peripherally-induced movement disorders (PIMD) should be considered when involuntary or abnormal movements emerge shortly after an injury to a body part. A close topographic and temporal association between peripheral injury and onset of the movement disorders is crucial to diagnosing PIMD. PIMD is under-recognized and often misdiagnosed as functional movement disorder, although both may co-exist. Given the considerable diagnostic, therapeutic, and psychosocial-legal challenges associated with PIMD, it is crucial to update the clinical and scientific information about this important movement disorder.Methods: A comprehensive PubMed search through a broad range of keywords and combinations was performed in February 2023 to identify relevant articles for this narrative review. Results:The spectrum of the phenomenology of PIMD is broad and it encompasses both hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movements. Hemifacial spasm is probably the most common PIMD. Others include dystonia, tremor, parkinsonism, myoclonus, painful leg moving toe syndrome, tics, polyminimyoclonus, and amputation stump dyskinesia. We also highlight conditions such as neuropathic tremor, pseudoathetosis, and MYBPC1associated myogenic tremor as examples of PIMD.Discussion: There is considerable heterogeneity among PIMD in terms of severity and nature of injury, natural course, association with pain, and response to treatment. As some patients may have co-existing functional movement disorder, neurologists should be able to differentiate the two disorders. While the exact pathophysiology remains elusive, aberrant central sensitization after peripheral stimuli and maladaptive plasticity in the sensorimotor cortex, on a background of genetic (two-hit hypothesis) or other predisposition, seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of PIMD.

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Section: Myoclonus and Polyminimyoclonusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripherally-induced Movement Disorders: An Update

Lenka¹,

Jankovic

2023

Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements

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“…Occurring more frequently after surgery of the cervical cord than other segments, a wide range of movement disorders can be observed, including tremor, focal dystonia, paroxysmal kinesigenic dystonia, and spinal myoclonus (Table 5). 9,79,80 The latency period is also highly variable and may range from days to years post-surgery. As with post-dental procedure OMD, peripheral injury-induced changes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of post-spinal surgery movement disorders.…”

Section: Spinal Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most patients may experience pain before the onset of symptoms. Occurring more frequently after surgery of the cervical cord than other segments, a wide range of movement disorders can be observed, including tremor, focal dystonia, paroxysmal kinesigenic dystonia, and spinal myoclonus ( Table 5 ) [ 9 , 79 , 80 ]. The latency period is also highly variable and may range from days to years post-surgery.…”

Section: Post-surgical Movement Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement Disorders Associated With Radiotherapy and Surgical Procedures

Surisetti¹,

Prasad²,

Holla

et al. 2023

JMD

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Occasionally, movement disorders can occur following interventional procedures including but not limited to radiotherapy, dental procedures, and cardiac, cerebral and spinal surgeries. The majority of these disorders tend to be unexpected sequelae with variable phenomenology and latency, and they can often be far more disabling than the primary disease for which the procedure was performed. Owing to poor knowledge and awareness of the problem, delays in diagnosing the condition are common, as are misdiagnoses as functional movement disorders. This narrative review discusses the phenomenology, pathophysiology, and potential treatments of various movement disorders caused by interventional procedures such as radiotherapy and neurological and non-neurological surgeries and procedures.

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“…25 In cases of spinal segmental myoclonus that are not due to a structural lesion or where the structural lesion cannot be safely removed, levetiracetam and clonazepam may be beneficial. 26,27…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment and Treatment of Myoclonus: A Review

Burton¹,

Dalrymple²,

Figari³

2022

Neurology

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Myoclonus is defined as sudden, brief, shock-like contractions of muscles, and it can be a challenging diagnosis for the clinician to face. The number of aetiologies can make it difficult to determine the appropriate diagnostic workup for each individual patient without ordering a broad array of diagnostic studies from the start. As with other neurological conditions, a comprehensive history and physical examination are paramount in generating and ordering the initial differential diagnosis. Neurophysiological classification of myoclonus, using both electroencephalogram and electromyography, can be very helpful in elucidating the underlying aetiology. Treatment of myoclonus is often symptomatic, unless a clear treatable underlying cause can be found. This article aims to help providers navigate the assessment and treatment of myoclonus, focusing on neurophysiological classification as a guide. By the end of this article, providers should have a good understanding of how to approach the workup and treatment of myoclonus of various aetiologies.

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Spinal segmental myoclonus following spinal surgery

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Peripherally-induced Movement Disorders: An Update

Peripherally-induced Movement Disorders: An Update

Movement Disorders Associated With Radiotherapy and Surgical Procedures

Assessment and Treatment of Myoclonus: A Review

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