Spinal Movement and Performance of a Standing Reach Task in Participants With and Without Parkinson Disease

Abstract

These results contribute to the growing body of evidence demonstrating that spinal ROM is impaired early in PD.

Evaluation of body image and self-concept and their correlation with depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease

“…All the included individuals were above fifty years of age and were in the stage I and Iv of the modified Hoehn and Yahr staging scale [16][17] . Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Patients who met criteria for the study were scheduled for clinical assessment, including disease severity as measured by the Hoehn and Yahr Scale 15 and the motor section of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) 19 .…”

Main determinants of physical activity levels in individuals with Parkinson’s disease

“…Participants were recruited by students and evaluated by a trained researcher. Individuals with idiopathic PD, diagnosed by a neurologist specialized in movement disorders, according to the UK Brain Bank criteria 6 , classified as a score of 1-4 on the modified Hoehn and Yahr (HY) disability scale 7 , using antiparkinsonian medication, and who did not show other neurological, musculoskeletal, or cardiovascular disorders were included in the analysis. All participants were briefed on the objectives of the research, and then they signed a free and informed consent form.…”

“…To evaluate the severity of the disease, activities of daily living (ADL) and motor sections of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the modified HY scale were used 7,8 . The bradykinesia score from the lower limbs was calculated using the sum of the scores of items 26, 27, 29, and 31 of the UPDRS.…”

“…Although the clinical heterogeneity among patients with PD has been extensively debated 7 , indicating the existence of clinical subtypes of the disease, this classification remains controversial and requires a better definition. Accordingly, several authors have proposed different subtype classifications 10,20,21 , although a clear and accepted classification has not yet been established.…”

Effects of Physical Activity Levels on Fatigue Perception in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease and Neurologically Healthy Individuals

“…The exclusion criteria of this study were: 1) for both groups: cognitive impairment which could interfere in the interpretation of the questions of the questionnaire; 2) for patients with PD: diagnosis over stage 3 in the Hoehn and Yahr Scale (H&Y) [21] [22], inconclusive diagnosis of PD and/or Secondary Parkinsonism Syndrome and/or medication intake.…”