Spinal Glutamate Transporters Are Involved in the Development of Electroacupuncture Tolerance

Cui, Luying; Ding, Yi; Zeng, Jie; Feng, Yan; Li, Meng; Ding, Mingxing

doi:10.3390/ijms17030357

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several researches indicated that EA-induced analgesia lasted for 12 h [ 41 ] while EA-induced mRNA expression began in 0–3 h and reached a peak level during 2–24 h in rats [ 42 , 43 , 44 ]. It is proteins (peptides), rather than their genes, that have direct effect on EAA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence has shown that glutamate transporters are also involved in EA analgesia. Cui et al [ 42 ] demonstrated that spinal glutamate transporters (GLAST, GLT-1 and EAAC1) were up-regulated by EA in healthy rats with nociceptive threshold increased. Further, pharmacological studies showed that CFA- [ 77 ] and spared nerve injury-induced [ 78 ] decline in spinal GLAST and GLT-1 could be reversed by EA stimulation, showing they contributed to EA-induced antinociceptive effect in rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Exploring the Mechanisms of Electroacupuncture-Induced Analgesia through RNA Sequencing of the Periaqueductal Gray

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2017

IJMS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electroacupuncture (EA) can relieve various pains. However, its mechanism in terms of the transcriptome is still not well-known. To explore the full profile of EA-induced molecular modification in the central nerve system, three twins of goats were selected for a match-paired experiment: EA stimulation (60 Hz, 30 min) and none-EA (control). Goats in the EA group showed an increased (p < 0.05) nociceptive threshold compared with the control goats. Experimental goats were sacrificed at 4 h of the experiment, and the periaqueductal grays were harvested for RNA sequencing. As a result, 2651 differentially expressed genes (1803 up-regulated and 848 down-regulated genes) were found and enriched in 30 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and 149 gene ontology terms. EA-regulated five neuropeptide genes (proenkephalin, proopiomelanocortin, preprodynorphin, diazepam-binding inhibitor and proprotein convertase 1 inhibitor) were validated with quantitative PCR. Furthermore, up-regulated glutamate receptors, glutamate transporters, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, GABA transporters, synaptotagmins or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) genes might contribute to EA-induced analgesia through regulating the glutamatergic synapse, GABAergic synapse, MAPKs, ribosome or ubiquitin-proteasome pathways. Our findings reveal a full profile of molecular modification in response to EA and provide a solid experimental framework for exploring the mechanisms underlying EA-induced analgesia.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Mechanisms of Electroacupuncture-Induced Analgesia through RNA Sequencing of the Periaqueductal Gray

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2017

IJMS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To date, very little neuroscience research has explored the effects of acupuncture on the role of glutamate in neuropsychiatric disorders. While studies of acupuncture analgesia indicate that acupuncture stimulation may modulate levels of expression of glutamate expression and its receptor, as well as EAAT expression (79, 80), no existing studies have reported on acupuncture-induced modulation of the glycine transporter or other upstream regulatory mechanisms (e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and the amino acid transporter system).…”

Section: Acupuncture Modulates Glutamate Neurotransmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Acupuncture on Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Depression, Anxiety, Schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's Disease: A Review of the Literature

MacDonald

Chen

2019

Front. Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD), are diseases that are directly or indirectly associated with cerebral dysfunction and contribute significantly to disability in adult populations worldwide. Important limitations surround the currently available pharmacologic agents for neuropsychiatric disorders and, moreover, many patients fail to respond to these therapies. Acupuncture might be a complementary therapy for neuropsychiatry disorders. In this review, we investigate the current evidence for the treatment efficacy of acupuncture in depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and AD. Secondly, we review recent advances in understanding of the dysregulated glutamate system underlying the pathophysiology of these disorders. Finally, we discuss the ways in which acupuncture treatment can potentially modulate glutamate receptors and excitatory amino acid transporters. We conclude that the treatment effects of acupuncture may be underpinned by its intervention in the dysregulated glutamate system. Further preclinical and clinical studies are needed to clarify the possible mechanisms of acupuncture in these neuropsychiatric disorders and to establish protocols for treatment guidelines.

show abstract

“…Repeated EA is more commonly used than continuous EA for pain therapy in clinical practice. Cui et al (2016, 2017a) stimulated rats with 2/15 Hz and 2 Hz EA (30 min/day, total 8 days), and found that the pain thresholds decreased from 59.6 ± 4.6% and 61.4 ± 5.5% at day 1–2.1 ± 4.1% and 1.9 ± 7.4% at day 8, respectively, showing that repeated EA can elicit chronic EAT. Wang et al (2002) used 2 Hz EA for 30 min every time for total 6 times with different intervals (0, 1, 2, and 3 days, respectively) in rats, and found that EA with the interval of 1 day induced EAT whereas EA with the interval of 3 days produced potent analgesia, showing that EA interval is an important factor influencing the development of EAT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymosin Beta 4 Is Involved in the Development of Electroacupuncture Tolerance

Wan

Ding

Nan

et al. 2019

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Electroacupuncture (EA) tolerance, a negative therapeutic effect, is a gradual decline in antinociception because of its repeated or prolonged use. This study aims to explore the role of thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4), having neuro-protection properties, in EA tolerance (EAT). Methods: Rats were treated with EA once daily for eight consecutive days to establish EAT, effect of Tβ4 on the development of EAT was determined through microinjection of Tβ4 antibody and siRNA into the cerebroventricle. The mRNA and protein expression profiles of Tβ4, opioid peptides (enkephalin, dynorphin and endorphin), and anti-opioid peptides (cholecystokinin octapeptide, CCK-8 and orphanin FQ, OFQ), and mu opioid receptor (MOR) and CCK B receptor (CCKBR) in the brain areas (hypothalamus, thalamus, cortex, midbrain and medulla) were characterized after Tβ4 siRNA was administered. Results: Tβ4 levels were increased at day 1, 4, and 8 and negatively correlated with the changes of tail flick latency in all areas. Tβ4 antibody and siRNA postponed EAT. Tβ4 siRNA caused decreased Tβ4 levels in all areas, which resulted in increased enkephalin, dynorphin, endorphin and MOR levels in most measured areas during repeated EA, but unchanged OFQ, CCK-8, and CCKBR levels in most measured areas. Tβ4 levels were negatively correlated with enkephalin, dynorphin, endorphin, or MOR levels in all areas except medulla, while positively correlated with OFQ and CCK-8 levels in some areas. Conclusion: These results confirmed Tβ4 facilitates EAT probably through negatively changing endogenous opioid peptides and their receptors and positively influencing anti-opioid peptides in the central nervous system.

show abstract

Spinal Glutamate Transporters Are Involved in the Development of Electroacupuncture Tolerance

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Exploring the Mechanisms of Electroacupuncture-Induced Analgesia through RNA Sequencing of the Periaqueductal Gray

Exploring the Mechanisms of Electroacupuncture-Induced Analgesia through RNA Sequencing of the Periaqueductal Gray

The Effects of Acupuncture on Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Depression, Anxiety, Schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's Disease: A Review of the Literature

Thymosin Beta 4 Is Involved in the Development of Electroacupuncture Tolerance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About