Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): Modulation of Cortical Connectivity With Therapeutic SCS

Deogaonkar, Milind; Sharma, Mayur; Oluigbo, Chima; Nielson, Dylan M.; Yang, Xiangyu; Vera–Portocarrero, Louis P.; Molnar, Gregory F.; Abduljalil, Amir M.; Sederberg, Per B.; Knopp, Michael; Rezai, Ali R.

doi:10.1111/ner.12346

Cited by 62 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In 2012, Moens et al (37) showed similar results to those discussed by Deogaonkar et al (31) in patients (n = 20) affected by failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). The authors investigated the deactivation of the bilateral medial thalamus and its connections to the rostral and caudal cingulate cortex and the insula.…”

Section: Physiological Mechanisms Of Scssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…SCS is associated with sequentials or simultaneous interactions of multiple physiological mechanisms of pain conduction (30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36). The classical mechanism of pain was described in 1965 by Melzack and Wall (36).…”

Section: Physiological Mechanisms Of Scsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The classical mechanism of pain was described in 1965 by Melzack and Wall (36). Recently, the effect of SCS on blood flow and the somatosensory system had been described ( Figure 2) (16,(30)(31)(32)(33).…”

Section: Physiological Mechanisms Of Scsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FIGURE 2. Physiological mechanisms of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) include more than just one model or mechanism, illustrating the association between the classical mechanism of pain described by Melzack and Wall (36) and the effect of SCS on blood flow and the somatosensory system (16,(30)(31)(32)(33).…”

Section: Physiological Mechanisms Of Scsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the selection, different factors have been considered, such as the etiology of pain, type and localization of pain, age of the patient, and the radiological and neurological findings summarized in Table 1 (20)(21)(22)28,30,31,(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44).…”

Section: Selection Of Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of neuropathic pain: Current perspectives of indications, cost-effectiveness, complications and results

Camporeze

Simm

Estevão

et al. 2017

JHSCI

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Introduction:The spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been described as a valuable neuromodulating procedure in the management of chronic and medically untreated neuropathic pain. Although many studies have discussed the use of this technique, a question still remains regarding its efficacy in different medical conditions with different etiology in the long term. The aim of this paper is to discuss the risks, complications, cost-effectiveness, and results of SCS in patients affected by chronic neuropathic pain based on the comprehensive literature review.

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Section: Physiological Mechanisms Of Scssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Physiological Mechanisms Of Scsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological Mechanisms Of Scsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physiological Mechanisms Of Scsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selection Of Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of neuropathic pain: Current perspectives of indications, cost-effectiveness, complications and results

Camporeze

Simm

Estevão

et al. 2017

JHSCI

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Mechanisms of spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of pain: Still in the dark after 50 years

Jensen

Brownstone

2018

European Journal of Pain

118

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Background and Objective Despite the value of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in treating some patients with focal neuropathic pain, technological advances in stimulator design and treatment protocols have not correlated with significant improvements in clinical outcomes. This may be because incomplete understanding of the mechanisms underlying SCS precludes improvement in clinical efficacy. In this brief review, we (a) review phenomenological effects of SCS, (b) review the literature on proposed spinal sites of action of SCS and (c) propose a novel hypothesis of mechanism of action. Results Dorsal columns, dorsal roots and dorsal horns have each been proposed as spinal sites of action of SCS. We suggest that evidence in favour of the dorsal columns or dorsal roots as the primary mediators of SCS is weak and propose that the dorsal horn is the crucial site of action. Furthermore, we hypothesize that, based on their location, and neurochemical and morphological properties, dorsal horn islet cells may mediate the effects of SCS. Conclusions The precise spinal mechanisms of action of SCS are still unknown. Dorsal horn islet cells have properties that position them to play a key role in analgesic effects of electrical stimulation. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for positive SCS effects are needed for successful translation into clinical dividends. Significance We review possible spinal mechanisms of action of spinal cord stimulation for neuropathic pain, proposing that direct modulation of dorsal horn neurons is crucial. We suggest that mechanistic insights are needed for translation into more favourable clinical outcomes.

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Spinal cord fMRI with MB‐SWIFT for assessing epidural spinal cord stimulation in rats

Laakso

Lehto

Paasonen

et al. 2021

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): Modulation of Cortical Connectivity With Therapeutic SCS

Cited by 62 publications

References 47 publications

Spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of neuropathic pain: Current perspectives of indications, cost-effectiveness, complications and results

Spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of neuropathic pain: Current perspectives of indications, cost-effectiveness, complications and results

Mechanisms of spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of pain: Still in the dark after 50 years

Spinal cord fMRI with MB‐SWIFT for assessing epidural spinal cord stimulation in rats

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