Spinal cord regeneration: intrinsic properties and emerging mechanisms

Chernoff, Ellen A.G.; Sato, Kennosuke; Corn, Angela; Karcavich, Rachel E.

doi:10.1016/s1084952102000927

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In contrast to the permanent loss of sensory and motor function after spinal cord injury observed in mammals, urodele amphibians and teleost fish regenerate lost tissue and reestablish damaged connections, restoring function to nearly pre-injury levels (Chernoff et al, 2002; Kuscha et al, 2012). In addition to axonal regrowth after spinal cord transection in adult zebrafish (Becker et al, 2004, 1997; Goldshmit et al, 2012; Schweitzer et al, 2007), spinal lesion triggers generation of motoneurons and interneurons, with pre-injury levels restored by 6–8 weeks post injury (wpi, Reimer et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Radial glial progenitors repair the zebrafish spinal cord following transection

Briona

Dorsky

2014

Experimental Neurology

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In mammals, spinal cord injury results in permanent sensory-motor loss due in part to a failure in reinitiating local neurogenesis. However, zebrafish show robust neuronal regeneration and functional recovery even after complete spinal cord transection. Postembryonic neurogenesis is dependent upon resident multipotent progenitors, which have been identified in multiple vertebrates. One candidate cell population for injury repair expresses Dbx1, which has been shown to label multipotent progenitors in mammals. In this study, we use specific markers to show that cells expressing a dbx1a:GFP reporter in the zebrafish spinal cord are radial glial progenitors that continue to generate neurons after embryogenesis. We also use a novel larval spinal cord transection assay to show that dbx1a:GFP+ cells exhibit a proliferative and neurogenic response to injury, and contribute newly-born neurons to the regenerative blastema. Together, our data indicate that dbx1a:GFP+ radial glia may be stem cells for the regeneration of interneurons following spinal cord injury in zebrafish.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Radial glial progenitors repair the zebrafish spinal cord following transection

Briona

Dorsky

2014

Experimental Neurology

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“…Urodele amphibians, the salamanders and newts, provide excellent model systems for studies of both normal development and the regeneration of tissues and organs (Chernoff et al, 2002;Ferretti et al, 2003;Gardiner et al, 2002;Sanchez Alvarado, 2000;Tanaka, 2003). For example, as both a juvenile and an adult, the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum, can functionally regenerate many complex structures, including the limb, jaw, and spinal cord, but in contrast to other salamanders is unable to regenerate the lens or full retina Del Rio-Tsonis and Tsonis, 2003;Echeverri and Tanaka, 2002;Maden and Hind, 2003;Nye et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and analysis of axolotl ISL2 and LHX2 LIM‐homeodomain transcription factors

Showalter

Yaden

Chernoff

et al. 2004

Genesis

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We cloned and characterized the ISL2 and LHX2 LIM-homeodomain transcription factors of the Mexican salamander, or axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum. Using a degenerate PCR approach, partial cDNAs representing five LIM-homeodomain genes were cloned, indicating conservation of this class of transcription factors in urodeles. Full-length cDNAs for Isl2 and Lhx2 were identified and sequenced. The predicted ISL2 and LHX2 proteins are well conserved, especially in the LIM and DNA-binding domains. The Isl2 and Lhx2 genes are expressed at all examined stages of embryogenesis and display tissue-restricted expression patterns in adults. In functional tests, axolotl LHX2 was inactive compared to homologous mammalian factors and adopted unusual DNA/protein complexes. However, axolotl ISL2 bound and induced transcription from the rat insulin gene. These experiments demonstrate conservation of key developmental regulatory proteins in salamanders and will allow future studies of their potential roles in the molecular regulation of tissue regeneration in such species.

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“…Anuran amphibians have also been used as models in spinal cord regeneration studies (Forehand and Farel, 1982) however, in contrast to urodeles, their regenerative capacity decreases with development and is lost after metamorphosis (Beattie et al, 1990; reviewed by Chernoff et al, 2002;Ferretti, 2004).…”

Section: Regeneration In the Spinal Cordmentioning

confidence: 99%

CNS regeneration: A morphogen's tale

2005

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Tissue regeneration will soon become an avenue for repair of damaged or diseased tissues as stem cell niches have been found in almost every organ of the vertebrate body including the CNS. In addition, different animals display an array of regenerative capabilities that are currently being researched to dissect the molecular mechanisms involved. This review concentrates on the different ways in which CNS tissues such as brain, spinal cord and retina can regenerate or display neurogenic potential and how these abilities are modulated by morphogens.

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Spinal cord regeneration: intrinsic properties and emerging mechanisms

Cited by 36 publications

References 57 publications

Radial glial progenitors repair the zebrafish spinal cord following transection

Radial glial progenitors repair the zebrafish spinal cord following transection

Cloning and analysis of axolotl ISL2 and LHX2 LIM‐homeodomain transcription factors

CNS regeneration: A morphogen's tale

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