Spinal-Cord MRI in Multiple Sclerosis: Conventional and Nonconventional MR Techniques

Bot, Joseph C.J.; Barkhof, Frederik

doi:10.1016/j.nic.2008.09.005

Cited by 68 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Enhancing lesions may be seen on T1-weighted images, representing active MS pathology, though the prevalence of these enhancing lesions is low compared with that in the brain. [35][36][37][38] The findings of Henning et al 23 are in agreement with the metabolite trend found in the present study, except for the mIns peak, but the data from a single patient are insufficient for the purposes of comparison.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…We focused on T2 hyperintense lesions because, according to Bot and Barkhof,35 in contrast to brain MR imaging findings, MS abnormalities are only rarely seen on sagittal T1-weighted images. Enhancing lesions may be seen on T1-weighted images, representing active MS pathology, though the prevalence of these enhancing lesions is low compared with that in the brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Cervical Spinal Cord 3T Proton MR Spectroscopy in Multiple Sclerosis

Marliani¹,

Clementi²,

Riccioli³

et al. 2009

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Brain proton MR spectroscopy ( 1 H-MR spectroscopy) is a useful technique for evaluating neuronal/axonal damage and demyelization in multiple sclerosis (MS). Because MS disability is frequently related to spinal cord lesions, potential markers for MS stage differentiation and severity would require in vivo quantification of spinal integrity. However, few spectroscopy studies have investigated cervical disease due to technical difficulties. The present study used 3T 1 H-MR spectroscopy to measure the main metabolites in cervical spinal cord plaques of a group in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and compared them with metabolite measurements in healthy volunteers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Cervical Spinal Cord 3T Proton MR Spectroscopy in Multiple Sclerosis

Marliani¹,

Clementi²,

Riccioli³

et al. 2009

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To establish the diagnosis, spinal cord MRI is mandatory in patients with spinal cord symptoms at disease onset, mainly to exclude non-demyelinating pathology as the cause of the clinical symptoms. 121 In addition, spinal cord MRI can be helpful when brain MRI results are equivocal-for example, during the differential diagnosis of cerebrovascular or autoimmune inflammatory disorders, or ageing-related or migraine-related focal white matter abnormalities-or when results are inconclusive, such as the detection of one or more lesions that are typical of MS but do not fulfil the diagnostic criteria for DIS. 19 In contrast to the brain, the spinal cord rarely exhibits incidental MS-like abnormalities, even in older …”

Section: Indications For Spinal Cord Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…121,122 In these situations, adding spinal cord MRI to brain imaging could be of clinical relevance. Detection of spinal cord lesions could facilitate the diagnosis of MS and is predictive for conversion to clinically definite MS. 123 In addition, the presence of asymptomatic spinal cord lesions in patients with brain MRI findings that are suggestive of RIS heralds an increased risk of short-term progression to either CIS or primary progressive MS, regardless of the precise nature of the brain imaging findings.…”

Section: Axial Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAGNIMS consensus guidelines on the use of MRI in multiple sclerosis—clinical implementation in the diagnostic process

et al. 2015

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| The clinical use of MRI in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has advanced markedly over the past few years. Technical improvements and continuously emerging data from clinical trials and observational studies have contributed to the enhanced performance of this tool for achieving a prompt diagnosis in patients with MS. The aim of this article is to provide guidelines for the implementation of MRI of the brain and spinal cord in the diagnosis of patients who are suspected of having MS. These guidelines are based on an extensive review of the recent literature, as well as on the personal experience of the members of the MAGNIMS (Magnetic Resonance Imaging in MS) network. We address the indications, timing, coverage, reporting and interpretation of MRI studies in patients with suspected MS. Our recommendations are intended to help radiologists and neurologists standardize and optimize the use of MRI in clinical practice for the diagnosis of MS.

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“…The Group recommended at least annual assessment of disease activity by clinical and brain imaging criteria for relapsing MS. For progressive MS, annual clinical assessment is recommended, but there was no consensus on the optimal frequency of imaging that would be useful for progressive forms of MS. Because there is a strong association of brain and spinal cord MRI activity, 22 and because information from spinal cord imaging findings in the absence of brain imaging findings is limited, annual cord imaging is not recommended unless there are spinal clinical findings. 23 We chose an annual time frame as a minimum, which is a practical period for assessments. Shorter or longer assessment periods may be appropriate for certain situations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: The 2013 revisions

Jacques¹,

Lublin²

2015

Neurology

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Accurate clinical course descriptions (phenotypes) of multiple sclerosis (MS) are important for communication, prognostication, design and recruitment of clinical trials, and treatment decision-making. Standardized descriptions published in 1996 based on a survey of international MS experts provided purely clinical phenotypes based on data and consensus at that time, but imaging and biological correlates were lacking. Increased understanding of MS and its pathology, coupled with general concern that the original descriptors may not adequately reflect more recently identified clinical aspects of the disease, prompted a re-examination of MS disease phenotypes by the International Advisory Committee on Clinical Trials of MS. While imaging and biological markers that might provide objective criteria for separating clinical phenotypes are lacking, we propose refined descriptors that include consideration of disease activity (based on clinical relapse rate and imaging findings) and disease progression. Strategies for future research to better define phenotypes are also outlined.

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Spinal-Cord MRI in Multiple Sclerosis: Conventional and Nonconventional MR Techniques

Cited by 68 publications

References 112 publications

Quantitative Cervical Spinal Cord 3T Proton MR Spectroscopy in Multiple Sclerosis

Quantitative Cervical Spinal Cord 3T Proton MR Spectroscopy in Multiple Sclerosis

MAGNIMS consensus guidelines on the use of MRI in multiple sclerosis—clinical implementation in the diagnostic process

Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: The 2013 revisions

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