“…A vast proportion of bulbospinal inputs directly innervate SPNs in the intermediolateral cell column (IML) (Anderson et al, 1989;Zagon and Smith, 1993;Pyner and Coote, 1998). However, viral trans-synaptic labeling studies have revealed many interneurons that are involved in sympathetic control in specific areas of the spinal cord, including the IML and laminas V and VII (Cabot et al, 1994;Joshi et al, 1995), and these are likely candidates for mediating indirect supraspinal control of SPN activity. Recently, putative presympathetic interneurons have also been located in the central autonomic area (CAA), dorsal and lateral to the central canal (Clarke et al, 1998;Tang et al, 2004), a region that receives input from vasomotor regions of the brain (Caverson et al, 1983;Bacon and Smith, 1993;Zagon and Smith, 1993).…”