Spinal Cord Injury, Steroids and Latin America

Dhaliwal, Perry

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2016.01.066

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…After spinal cord injury, early treatment with steroids can promote the recovery of nerve function and reduce the scope of permanent paralysis [17][18][19]. High-dose methylprednisolone steroid therapy is the only pharmacologic therapy shown to have e cacy in phase three randomized trials when administered within eight hours of injury [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dexamethasone promotes IL-4-induced alternative activation at PPARγ point, instead of upstream STAT6 in BV2 microglial cells

Chen

Zhang

Xue

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Microglia are innate immune effector cells in the central nervous system and play an extremely important role in the physiological processes of the central nervous system. When microglia are activated, there are two polarization states, M1 and M2 phenotype. Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid widely used in clinical practice, which pharmacological effects are mainly anti-inflammatory, anti-toxic. However, whether Dexamethasone affects polarization state of microglia is unknown. In this study, we investigate the effect of Dexamethasone on IL-4-induced alternative activation in murine BV-2 microglial cells. Methods BV-2 cells were incubated with Dexamethasone alone, IL-4 alone, or the combination of Dexamethasone and IL-4. Western blot and immunofluorescence were performed to detect protein levels of alternative activation markers arginase 1 (Arg1), found in inflammatory zone 1 (FIZZ1). Moreover, we investigated the effects of Dexamethasone on IL-4 induced activation of signal transducer and activators of transcription 6 (STAT6) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ). Results Dexamethasone promoted IL-4 induced microglia alternative activation by increasing the expression of Arg1 and FIZZ1. Dexamethasone also enhanced the expression of PPARγ. These effects were reversed by RU486 (a Dexamethasone antagonist). Further, the effects of Dexamethasone and IL-4 on Arg1 and FIZZ1 were blocked by the application of GW9662 (a PPARγ antagonist). Conclusions Our studies confirm that Dexamethasone promotes IL-4 induced alternative activation via STAT6/PPARγ signaling pathways in microglia. At the same time, it was confirmed that Dexamethasone acts on PPARγ instead of STAT6. These findings support that Dexamethasone has a therapeutic potential for neuroinflammatory diseases via alternative activation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dexamethasone promotes IL-4-induced alternative activation at PPARγ point, instead of upstream STAT6 in BV2 microglial cells

Chen

Zhang

Xue

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious central nervous system (CNS) injury, causing loss of muscle function, sensation, or autonomic function in parts of the body served by the spinal cord below the level of the lesion due to the disruption of neuronal axons passing through the damaged segments [1, 2]. Currently, the treatment of SCI mainly focused on two aspects [3, 4]: one is neuroprotection, by reducing or eliminating secondary pathological response to protect residual axons and neuronal cells, such as steroids [5], topiramate [6], nimodipine, Chinese herbs, and acupuncture [7-9]; the other one is nerve regeneration and repairment, by promoting the regeneration of neurons and rebuilding the synaptic connections, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) [10] treatment, gene therapy, and neural stem cell therapy [11, 12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Needle Acupuncture Regulates Wnt/ERK Multiple Pathways to Promote Neural Stem Cells to Differentiate into Neurons in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury

Cheng

Zhao-Hua

et al. 2019

CNSNDDT

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Background & Objective: NSCs therapy is considered one of the most potential methods for spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods: We build the SCI model rats to investigate the therapeutic effect of fire needle acupuncture in improving the locomotor function of SCI rats and its possible mechanism. BBB scale was used for the motor ability of rats. The expression of Nestin, NSE, Gal-C, and GFAP was detected by immunohistochemistry. Wnt, GSK3β, β-catenin, ERK1/2, CyclinD1, and ngn1 were detected by western blot and PCR. The BBB score of both model group (1.20±0.94, 3.12±0.67, 5.34±1.57, 7.12±1.49) and fire needle group (1.70±0.58, 4.50±1.63, 7.53±2.41, 9.24±0.63) gradually increased after SCI. Furthermore, at d10 and d14, the fire needle group showed a significantly high score compared with that in model group at the same time (P<0.05). Fire needle increased Nestin, NSE, and Gal-C expression inhibited GFAP expression after SCI. Also, fire needle could up-regulate Wnt3a, GSK3β, β-catenin, and ngn1, and down-regulate ERK1/2, cyclinD1 gene and protein expression. Conclusion: In conclusion, fire needle could improve lower limb locomotor function of SCI rats. Also, fire needles could promote endogenous NSCs proliferation differentiating into neurons, and the mechanism might be mediated by promoting the activation of Wnt/β-catenin and inhibiting the overexpression of ERK.

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Spinal Cord Injury, Steroids and Latin America

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Dexamethasone promotes IL-4-induced alternative activation at PPARγ point, instead of upstream STAT6 in BV2 microglial cells

Dexamethasone promotes IL-4-induced alternative activation at PPARγ point, instead of upstream STAT6 in BV2 microglial cells

Fire Needle Acupuncture Regulates Wnt/ERK Multiple Pathways to Promote Neural Stem Cells to Differentiate into Neurons in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury

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