Spinal cord injury induced immune depression syndrome

Riegger, Tino; Conrad, Sabine; Schluesener, Hermann J.; Schwab, Jan M.

doi:10.1055/s-2007-987540

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Riegger et al, (2009) revealed that a remarkable decrease in the amount of circulating cells associated with innate and adaptive immunity in the acute phase after SCI on rat model. 35 Similar reports were also made in a pilot research that involves 16 patients with SCI and 10 healthy individuals as control: decreased monocytes, T lymphocytes, and B-lymphocytes, but granulocytes were not seen in the blood circulation within 24 hours following SCI. 36 SCI-IDS has a vital clinical relevance, as SCI patients show a higher susceptibility to different infections (like wound infections and pneumonia) 37 as well as poor functional recovery.…”

Section: Immune Suppressionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Clinical Complications Associated with Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review

Mohammed

Ijaz

Gholaminejhad

et al. 2021

J. contemp. med. sci.

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neuro-destruction occurred from a complete or incomplete, traumatic or non-traumatic that results in degeneration, structural, biochemical, and physiological changes of tissue. SCI is a clinical problem associated with impairments in different aspects of the patient's life. The pathophysiology of SCI involves a primary phase that directly disrupts axons, cell membranes, and blood vessels. This primary phase is followed by a secondary phase involving vascular dysfunction, ischemia, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death. If this second phase isn't managed, it will result in many pathological processes that will cause several clinical complications. The aim of rehabilitation and other treatments is to enhance the functional level and to reduce secondary morbidity as well as improve the quality of health of the patient. SCI results in different complications in different organs of the individual. Early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of complications in SCI patients are very important for limiting these complications. This review was carried out in order review the data about clinical complications associated with SCI, including multiple organ dysfunction, systemic inflammation, immune suppression, neurogenic shock, autonomic dysreflexia, orthostatic hypotension, temperature regulation, sweat secretion, respiratory complications and dysphagia, thromboembolism, urinary system, reproductive system, skeletal muscle, bone, liver, spleen and gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide knowledge on the SCI complications, sign and symptoms, risk factors prevention and treatment of complications caused by SCI.

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Section: Immune Suppressionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Clinical Complications Associated with Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review

Mohammed

Ijaz

Gholaminejhad

et al. 2021

J. contemp. med. sci.

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“…It is reported that there is SCIIDS during SCI (Riegger et al, 2007), there is currently a lack of standard diagnostic criteria in clinical work. Based on previous findings (Beattie, 2004;Meisel et al, 2005;Popovich, 2014;Schwab et al, 2014) and our clinical experience, patients with SCI have decreased immunity, including immunosuppression, during acute phase, subacute phase, and even recovery periods, which is also the reason why patients are more likely to suffer infection during hospitalization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) are prone to concurrent infection, which seriously affects their quality of life, and even threatens their life (Guillou, 1993). SCI can cause suppression of the non-specific and specific immune function, which is called spinal cord injury induced immune depression syndrome (SCIIDS) (Riegger et al, 2007). SCIIDS can increase the body's sensitivity to infection and is one of the main causes of post-traumatic infection (Schnell et al, 1997;Held and Lane, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between gut microbiota and lymphocyte subsets in Chinese Han patients with spinal cord injury

Pang¹,

Wang²,

Xiong³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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This study is to investigate the changes of lymphocyte subsets and the gut microbiota in Chinese Han patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). We enrolled 23 patients with SCI and 21 healthy controls. Blood and fecal samples were collected. The proportion of lymphocyte subsets was detected by flow cytometry. 16S rDNA sequencing of the V4 region was used to analyze the gut microbiota. The changes of the gut microbiota were analyzed by bioinformatics. Correlation analysis between gut microbiota and lymphocyte subsets was performed. CD4 + cells, CD4 + /CD8 + ratio and CD4 + CD8 + cells in peripheral blood of SCI patients were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in B cells and CIK cells between the SCI group and the control group. The gut microbiota community diversity index of SCI patients was significantly higher than that of healthy controls. In SCI patients, the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae (related to lymphocyte subset regulation), Ruminococcaceae (closely related to central nervous system diseases), and Escherichia-Shigella (closely related to intestinal infections) increased significantly, while the butyrate producing bacteria (Fusobacterium) that were beneficial to the gut were dramatically decreased. Correlation analysis showed that the five bacterial genera of SCI patients, including Lachnospiraceae UCG-008, Lachnoclostridium 12, Tyzzerella 3, Eubacterium eligens group, and Rumencocciucg-002, were correlated with T lymphocyte subsets and NK cells. In the SCI group, the flora Prevotella 9, Lachnospiraceae NC2004 group, Veillonella, and Sutterella were positively correlated with B cells. However, Fusobacterium and Akkermansia were negatively correlated with B cells. Moreover, Roseburia and Ruminococcaceae UCG-003 were positively correlated with CIK cells. Our results suggest that the gut microbiota of patients with SCI is associated with lymphocyte subsets. Therefore, it is possible to improve immune dysregulation in SCI patients by modulating gut microbiota, which may serve as a new therapeutic method for SCI.

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“…Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common, serious injury associated with severe outcomes and high financial burden that causes SCI-induced immune deficiency syndrome (IDS) (Laginha et al, 2016;Wu et al, 2021). SCI-IDS can dramatically increase a patient's susceptibility to pathogenic infections, including pneumonia, and delay wound healing, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and complications (Sekhon and Fehlings, 2001;Riegger et al, 2007;Failli et al, 2012). Clinical research on death causes in SCI patients has emphasized the prevalence of pathogenic infections in these patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CCR7-mediated T follicular helper cell differentiation is associated with the pathogenesis and immune microenvironment of spinal cord injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome

et al. 2022

Front. Neurosci.

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Spinal cord injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome (SCI-IDS) is a disorder characterized by systemic immunosuppression secondary to SCI that dramatically increases the likelihood of infection and is difficult to treat. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells regulated by chemokine receptor CCR7 are associated with SCI-IDS after acute SCI. The present study explored the roles of CCR7 in SCI-IDS occurrence and immune microenvironment composition. Gene expression profile data of peripheral blood leukocytes from SCI and non-SCI subjects were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. According to differential gene expression analysis, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and risk model construction, the CCR7 expression level was prominently related to acute SCI and CCR7 expression was significantly downregulated after acute SCI. Next, we constructed a clinical prediction model and used it to identify patients with acute SCI. Using Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we discovered that immune-related biological processes, such as T cell receptor signaling pathway, were suppressed, whereas chemokine-related signaling pathways were activated after acute SCI. Immune infiltration analysis performed using single sample GSEA and CIBERSORT suggested that Tfh cell function was significantly correlated with the CCR7 expression levels and was considerably reduced after acute SCI. Acute SCI was divided into two subtypes, and we integrated multiple classifiers to analyze and elucidate the immunomodulatory relationships in both subtypes jointly. The results suggested that CCR7 suppresses the immunodeficiency phenotype by activating the chemokine signaling pathway in Tfh cells. In conclusion, CCR7 exhibits potential as a diagnostic marker for acute SCI.

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Spinal cord injury induced immune depression syndrome

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Clinical Complications Associated with Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review

Clinical Complications Associated with Spinal Cord Injury: A Narrative Review

Relationship between gut microbiota and lymphocyte subsets in Chinese Han patients with spinal cord injury

CCR7-mediated T follicular helper cell differentiation is associated with the pathogenesis and immune microenvironment of spinal cord injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome

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