Spinal cord injury and psychological response

Carvalho, Serafim; Andrade, Maria João; Tavares, Maria Assunção; Freitas, João Luı́s Sarmento de

doi:10.1016/s0163-8343(98)00047-4

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Although the rates were lower when mixed samples were utilised (16%), the overlapping CIs for the individual effect estimates confirm that any observed differences across studies were comparable. The wide CI associated with the hospital group is likely attributed to the small sample sizes utilised by these studies (N = 47 21 and 65, 24 respectively).…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The full-texts of these studies were subsequently examined by both authors. 1,8,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] The reference lists of these studies and published SCI review papers 2,10,11,41 were additionally examined. Although this process did not lead to the discovery of any new studies, it helped ensure that all relevant papers were identified.…”

Section: Eligibility Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional details relating to injury type, aetiology or lesion completeness were not consistently reported. An early study by de Carvalho et al 24 did not utilise international standards for SCI neurological classification (that is, F Grading, AIS), whereas other authors noted that these subgroup data were missing or not available. Similarly, socio-contextual information that may contribute to psychological distress was not consistently provided.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anxiety prevalence following spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis

Dorstyn

2016

Spinal Cord

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Study design: Meta-analysis. Objectives: Prevalence estimates indicate that anxiety following spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common problem. However, methodological differences between studies may impact the clinical interpretation of these data. Methods: Data from 18 independent studies (N participants = 3158), which reported the prevalence of an anxiety disorder or associated symptoms, were identified from the Embase, PubMed and PsycInfo databases. Proportions were the primary effect size estimate. Confidence intervals, fail-safe Ns and the I 2 statistic were additionally calculated to identify the extent to which findings were robust and consistent across studies. Results: Five per cent of participants met the criteria for either GAD or panic disorder, with Agoraphobia identified in 2.5%. These diagnostic data were, however, limited to two studies. Higher rates were noted for self-reported 'caseness' of anxiety, with 27% reporting clinically significant symptoms. Anxiety prevalence estimates varied across the individual self-report measures (range: 15-32%). Method of administration (range: 26-32%) did not impact significantly on these estimates nor did recruitment source, with similarly high anxiety levels reported by hospital (27%) and community (29%) samples. Conclusions: Early identification and treatment of anxiety are important in SCI rehabilitation, with a subgroup of individuals experiencing chronic symptoms. Further research is needed to establish guidelines for the interpretation of self-report data, including the use of clinical cutoffs.

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Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Eligibility Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anxiety prevalence following spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis

Dorstyn

2016

Spinal Cord

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“…96 Lower conscientiousness, but equal agreeableness and extraversion levels 97 were reported for people with SCI in comparison with normative 97 and healthy samples. 98 Extraverted persons reported less depression, 96,98 (phobic) anxiety, 98 or other psychopathological symptoms 98 and rather participated in sports. 99 Social traits.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological resources in spinal cord injury: a systematic literature review

et al. 2011

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Study design: Systematic literature review. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to gain a systematic overview of the role of psychological resources in the adjustment to spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: A systematic literature review was performed. The literature search was conducted in the databases Pubmed, PsycINFO, the Social Sciences Citation Index, the Education Resources Information Center, Embase and the Citation Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature. The assessed variables, measurement instruments, results and the methodological quality of the studies were extracted, summarized and evaluated. Results: A total of 83 mainly cross-sectional studies were identified. Psychological resources were categorized into seven groups: self-efficacy (SE), self-esteem, sense of coherence (SOC), spirituality, optimism, intellect and other personality characteristics. SE and self-esteem were consistently associated with positive adjustment indicators such as high well-being and better mental health. Interrelations between psychological resources and key rehabilitation outcome variables such as participation were rarely studied. Only a few interventions, which were aimed at strengthening psychological resources were identified. Longitudinal studies suggested that SE, SOC, spirituality and purpose in life were potential determinants of adjustment outcomes in the long term. Conclusion: Research on psychological resources in SCI is broad, but fragmented. Associations of psychological resources with mental health and well-being were frequently shown, while associations with participation were rarely studied. Further development of resource-based interventions to strengthen persons with SCI is indicated. This review can serve as guide for clinical practice and can add to the design of future SCI research.

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“…The most consistent predictors of adjustment have been low neuroticism (de Carvalho, Andrade, Tavares, & de Freitas, 1998; Heinrich, 1996;Krause & Rohe, 1998;Nagumo, 2000) and high extraversion (de Carvalho et al, 1998;Krause & Rohe, 1998;Nagumo, 2000). Several individual traits associated with extraversion (e.g., sociability, positive affectivity) and neuroticism (e.g., stress, anxiety, negative affectivity) also predict adjustment to SCI (Krause, 1997;Thompson, Coker, Krause, & Henry, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilient, Undercontrolled, and Overcontrolled Personality Prototypes Among Persons With Spinal Cord Injury

Berry

Elliott²,

Rivera

2007

Journal of Personality Assessment

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A sample of 199 persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) were assessed on Big Five personality dimensions using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI; Costa & McCrae, 1992) at admission to an inpatient medical rehabilitation program. A cluster analysis of the baseline NEO-FFI yielded 3 cluster prototypes that resemble resilient, undercontrolled, and overcontrolled prototypes identified in many previous studies of children and adult community samples. Compared with normative samples, this sample had significantly fewer resilient prototypes and significantly more overcontrolled and undercontrolled prototypes. Undercontrolled individuals were the modal prototype. The resilient and undercontrolled types were better adjusted than the overcontrolled types, showing lower levels of depression at admission and higher acceptance of disability at discharge. The resilient type at admission predicted the most effective reports of social problem-solving abilities at discharge and the overcontrolled type the least. We discuss the implications of these results for assessment and interventions in rehabilitation settings.There are approximately 253,000 persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) in the United States, with around 11,000 new cases each year. The high social and personal costs of SCI are well documented (National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center, 2006). Spinal cord injury can touch almost every area of an individual's life, from work, to relationships, to physical and mental health (Dijkers, 2005). Much research has rightly been devoted to assessing the impact of SCI and to the study of factors that may predict subsequent emotional and physical adjustment. Progress has been made in identifying social (Elliott, Bush, & Chen, 2006;Holicky & Charlifue, 1999), functional disability (Waters, Adkins, Yakura, & Sie, 1998), and coping and problem-solving variables (Chan, Lee, & Lieh-Mak, 2000;Elliott, 1999) that are associated with a variety of adjustment outcomes.In contrast with the large literature on coping and adjustment in SCI, few studies have examined basic personality processes among persons with SCI. Psychologists have been encouraged to include basic personality instruments in their clinical assessments (Elliott & Umlauf, 1995). There is good reason to heed this advice: An accumulation of research spanning three decades shows that a few basic personality dimensions, such as the Big Five personality factors (John & Srivastava, 1999), can be reliable predictors of functioning in important domains of life such as vocational achievement (Goodstein & Lanyon, 1999) (Botwin, Buss, & Shackelford, 1997), psychological adjustment and coping (Elliott, Herrick, MacNair, & Harkins, 1994;McCrae, 1991;McCrae & Costa, 1986), overall happiness and satisfaction with life (Costa & McCrae, 1980;Myers & Diener, 1995), and general physical health and wellness behaviors (Booth-Kewley & Vickers, 1994). These are life domains that have been the focus of much research on physical disability and its consequences, but studies that hav...

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Spinal cord injury and psychological response

Cited by 33 publications

References 8 publications

Anxiety prevalence following spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis

Anxiety prevalence following spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis

Psychological resources in spinal cord injury: a systematic literature review

Resilient, Undercontrolled, and Overcontrolled Personality Prototypes Among Persons With Spinal Cord Injury

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