Spinal Cord Cyto- and Chemoarchitecture

Şengül, Gülgün

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374245-2.00006-1

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Після декапітації тканину СМ фіксували в рідині Карнуа, після чого матеріал зневоднювали в спиртах зростаючої концентрації, просочували ксилолом і поміщали в парафін. Для світлооптичного дослідження готували серійні поперечні зрізи товщиною 8-10 мкм і забарвлювали за Ейнарсоном (виявлення РНК), Нісслем (Sengul, 2015), для виявлення нейроцитів з ознаками деструкції -за Вікторовим (Victorov еt al., 2000). Гістологічні та гістохімічні препарати вивчали під світловим мікроскопом МС 300 (ТХР, Австрія) та фотографували за допомогою Digital camera for microscope DCM 900 (ТХР, Австрія).…”

Section: матеріал і методи дослідженьunclassified

“…Багатогранність фізіологічних процесів, які тут відбуваються, забезпечує підтримання сталості міжклітинного простору. Він представлений різними глікозаміногліканами (Willis, 2011) і доповнюється клітинами фібробластичного ряду, окремими колагеновими волокнами (Sengul, 2015). Зміни концентрації та конформації цих компонентів визначають виникнення значних морфофункціональних зрушень у рухових нейроцитах СМ за ДГК.…”

Section: обговорення результатів дослідженьunclassified

“…Ряд авторів (Kamskova, 2001;Ivanov, 2002;Sazontova et al, 2007;Stogov, 2009) зазначають, що рухова активність суттєво впливає на білоксинтезувальні процеси у клітинах різних органів і тканин. Відновлення структури нейроцитів після ФНСАП зумовлює поліпшення нейрогістологічних показників, що свідчить про значну пластичність структур нервової системи при ФНСАП після ДГК (Raimondo et al, 2011;Rakowska et al, 2012;Sengul et al, 2015). Висновки 1.…”

Section: обговорення результатів дослідженьunclassified

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Structural trace of adaptation in motive nuclei of spinal cord of rats in hypokinesia and after physical loading in the recovery period

Pоpеl¹,

Mitckan²,

Krasnopolsky³

et al. 2015

VDNUBM

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The purpose of this paper is to study the morphological changes of neurocytes in spinal cord of rats in hypokinesia and subsequent physical loading. Studies were performed on 55 laboratory rats of Wistar line. Materials of the research were the anterior horns of the gray matter of L5-S2 spinal segments. Preparations stained by Nissl and Viktorov were examined histologically. Hypokinesia was modeled following on the author’s technique. It was established that during prolonged hypokinesia in neurocytes of spinal cord of rats morphological changes in cell size and shape of the motor nuclei of all segments under study have been recorded. The number of hypochromic, hyperchromic destructively unchanged and hyperchromic destructively altered neurocytes increase; shadow cells appears, as well as cases of satellitosis and neuronophagia. Decrease in of albumen synthetical neurocyte function has been recorded. Physical loading of the average aerobic capacity leads to normalization of structural and functional state of neurocytes and enhances the reparative processes, as evidenced by a number of positive changes in morphometric parameters: increase in the number of normochromic neurocytes and decreasing the number of hyper- and hypochromic neurocytes with destructive signs, absence of pyknotic forms. Morphological parameters of neurocytes and their nuclei after physical loading of average aerobic capacity do not differ from those in the control group of intact animals. In neurocytes of this group of rats RNA concentration increases by 12.6% compared to animals after prolonged hypokinesia. Neurocytes of spinal cord of rats after prolonged hypokinesia develop significant morphological changes which are characterized by emergence of a significant number of hyperchromic neurocytes with signs of destructive changes and shadow cells, as well as and hypochromic neurocytes with signs of destructive changes, reduction in size and change of shape of perikaryons of neurocytes and their nuclei. Morphological changes of neurocytes after prolonged hypokinesia are accompanied by violations of biosynthetic processes, as evidenced by RNA decrease in the cytoplasm of efferent neurocytes of spinal cord of rats. Physical loading of average aerobic capacity leads to normalization of structural and functional state of neurocytes and promotes the reparative processes suported by positive changes in morphometric parameters.

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Section: матеріал і методи дослідженьunclassified

Section: обговорення результатів дослідженьunclassified

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Structural trace of adaptation in motive nuclei of spinal cord of rats in hypokinesia and after physical loading in the recovery period

Pоpеl¹,

Mitckan²,

Krasnopolsky³

et al. 2015

VDNUBM

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“…The dorsal horn (DH) of the spinal cord is the primary site of sensory processing within the central nervous system (Basbaum et al . ; Abraira & Ginty, ) and is composed of a series of functionally distinct laminae, cytoarchitecturally classified (Sengul, ), which have been investigated with a range of techniques to help understand their functions and interactions (Yang et al . ; Ran et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dorsal horn (DH) of the spinal cord is the primary site of sensory processing within the central nervous system Abraira & Ginty, 2013) and is composed of a series of functionally distinct laminae, cytoarchitecturally classified (Sengul, 2015), which have been investigated with a range of techniques to help understand their functions and interactions (Yang et al 2015;Ran et al 2016;Hachisuka et al 2016). The DH receives sensory information from cutaneous and visceral structures via primary afferent neurons and is also the target of descending projections emanating from structures within the brain, particularly the brainstem, that modulate spinal excitability (Hathway et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lamina‐specific population encoding of cutaneous signals in the spinal dorsal horn using multi‐electrode arrays

Greenspon

Battell

Devonshire

et al. 2018

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points Traditional, widely used in vivo electrophysiological techniques for the investigation of spinal processing of somatosensory information fail to account for the diverse functions of each lamina.To overcome this oversimplification, we have used multi‐electrode arrays, in vivo, to simultaneously record neuronal activity across all laminae of the spinal dorsal horn.Multi‐electrode arrays are sensitive enough to detect lamina‐ and region‐specific encoding of different subtypes of afferent fibres and to detect short‐lived changes in synaptic plasticity as measured by the application of cutaneous electrical stimulation of varying intensity and frequency.Differential encoding of innocuous and noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli were also detected across the laminae with the technique, as were the effects of the application of capsaicin.This new approach to the study of the dorsal spinal cord produces significantly more information per experiment, permitting accelerated research whilst also permitting the effects of pharmacological tools to modulate network responses. AbstractThe dorsal horn (DH) of the spinal cord is a complex laminar structure integrating peripheral signals into the central nervous system. Spinal somatosensory processing is commonly measured electrophysiologically in vivo by recording the activity of individual wide‐dynamic‐range neurons in the deep DH and extrapolating their behaviour to all cells in every lamina. This fails to account for the specialized processes that occur in each lamina and the considerable heterogeneity in cellular phenotype within and between laminae. Here we overcome this oversimplification by employing linear multi‐electrode arrays (MEAs) in the DH of anaesthetized rats to simultaneously measure activity across all laminae. The MEAs, comprising 16 channels, were inserted into the lumbar dorsal horn and peripheral neurons activated electrically via transcutaneous electrodes and ethologically with von Frey hairs (vFHs) or an aluminium heating block. Ascending electrical stimuli showed fibre thresholds with distinct dorsoventral innervation profiles. Wind up was observed across the DH during the C‐fibre and post‐discharge latencies following 0.5 Hz stimulation. Intrathecal application of morphine (5 ng/50 μl) significantly reduced Aδ‐ and C‐fibre‐evoked activity in deep and superficial DH. Light vFHs (≤10 g) predominantly activated intermediate and deep laminae whereas noxious vFHs (26 g) also activated the superficial laminae. Noxious heat (55°C) induced significantly greater activity in the superficial and deep laminae than the innocuous control (30°C). The application of these arrays produced the first description of the processing of innocuous and noxious stimuli throughout the intact DH.

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The tracts, cytoarchitecture, and neurochemistry of the spinal cord

Tan

Faull

Curtis

2022

The Anatomical Record

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The human spinal cord can be described using a range of nomenclatures with each providing insight into its structure and function. Here we have comprehensively reviewed the key literature detailing the general structure, configuration of tracts, the cytoarchitecture of Rexed's laminae, and the neurochemistry at the spinal segmental level. The purpose of this review is to detail current anatomical understanding of how the spinal cord is structured and to aid researchers in identifying gaps in the literature that need to be studied to improve our knowledge of the spinal cord which in turn will improve the potential of therapeutic intervention for disorders of the spinal cord.

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Spinal Cord Cyto- and Chemoarchitecture

Cited by 5 publications

References 85 publications

Structural trace of adaptation in motive nuclei of spinal cord of rats in hypokinesia and after physical loading in the recovery period

Structural trace of adaptation in motive nuclei of spinal cord of rats in hypokinesia and after physical loading in the recovery period

Lamina‐specific population encoding of cutaneous signals in the spinal dorsal horn using multi‐electrode arrays

The tracts, cytoarchitecture, and neurochemistry of the spinal cord

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