Spinal Cord Compression Due to Epidural Extramedullary Haematopoiesis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Mri Findings

Sönmez, Güner; Görür, Alper; Mutlu, Hakan; Öztürk, Ersin; Sıldıroğlu, Onur; Karagöz, Bülent

doi:10.29333/ejgm/82573

Cited by 1 publication

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References 5 publications

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“…However, these data are derived mostly from clinical presentation and could therefore only be an assessment of the accessible EML sites. Depending on the location, EML may present with life‐threatening complications, including superior vena cava syndrome, tracheobronchial tree compression, pleural effusion, spinal cord compression, and extremity paresis . The sections below describe various clinical presentations of EML in major organ systems during all phases of AML, MDS, CML and MPNs.…”

Section: Clinical Presentations Of Emlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is acute myeloid leukemia a liquid tumor?

Ohanian

Faderl

Ravandi

et al. 2013

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Extramedullary manifestations of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were described as early as the 19th century. However, the incidence, clinical significance, and pathobiology of extramedullary AML remain ill defined. We reviewed case reports, retrospective case series, pilot studies, and imaging studies of extramedullary leukemia (EML) to determine its frequency, characteristics, clinical presentation, and significance. EML precedes or accompanies development of AML and occurs during or following treatment, even during remission. Although imaging studies are rarely conducted and the true incidence of EML has yet to be verified, authors have reported several estimates based on retrospective and autopsy studies. The incidence of EML in patients with AML of all ages is estimated to be about 9% and EML in children with AML was detected in 40% of patients at diagnosis. The combination of positron emission tomography and computed tomography were the most sensitive and reliable techniques of detecting and monitoring EML. Based on our literature review, the frequency of EML is likely underreported. The well-documented nature of EML in AML patients suggests that AML can manifest as a solid tumor. The extent to which EML accompanies AML and whether EML is derived from bone marrow are unknown. Furthermore, questions remain regarding the role of the microenvironment, which may or may not facilitate the survival and proliferation of EML, and the implications of these interactions with regard to minimal residual disease, tumor cell quiescence, and relapse. Therefore, prospective studies of detection and characterization of EML in AML patients are warranted.

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Section: Clinical Presentations Of Emlmentioning

confidence: 99%