Spinal cord blood flow as affected by changes in systemic arterial blood pressure

Kobrine, Arthur I.; Doyle, Thomas F.; Rizzoli, Hugo V.

doi:10.3171/jns.1976.44.1.0012

Cited by 90 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Below 60 mm Hg, flow decreased with further reductions in blood pressure. Kobrine et al, 32 using hydrogen clearance, also demonstrated that spinal cord blood flow in the white matter remained constant in the range of 50-135 mm Hg, indicating the presence of autoregulation. Similarly, Flohr et al,33 demonstrated with the particle distribution method that autoregulation was in effect between MAP 60-160 mm Hg.…”

Section: Table 2 Cerebral Blood Flow In the Ratmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The effects of variations of blood pressure on spinal cord blood flow has been investigated by Kindt,31 Griffiths, 13 Kobrine et al, 32 and Flohr et al 33 Kindt, 31 using a surface flow device which measured qualitative changes only, reported that spinal cord blood flow did not change with systemic blood pressure elevation. Using the Xenon washout curve after direct intraparenchymal spinal cord injection, Griffiths" demonstrated no significant change in white matter flow between 60-150 mm Hg.…”

Section: Table 2 Cerebral Blood Flow In the Ratmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Autoregulation of spinal cord blood flow: is the cord a microcosm of the brain?

Hickey¹,

Albin²,

Bunegin³

et al. 1986

Stroke

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY The autoregulatory capability of regional areas of the brain and spinal cord was demonstrated in 18 rats anesthetized with a continuous infusion of intravenous pentothal. Blood flow was measured by the injection of radioactive microspheres (Co 57 , Sn 113 , Ru 103 , Sc 4 *). Blood flow measurements were made at varying levels of mean arterial pressure (MAP) which was altered by neosynephrine to raise MAP or trimethaphan to lower MAP. Autoregulation of the spinal cord mirrored that of the brain, with an autoregulatory range of 60 to 120 mm Hg for both tissues. Within this range, cerebral blood flow (CBF) was 59.2 ± 3.2 ml/100 g/min (SEM) and spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) was 61.1 ± 3.6. There was no significant difference in CBF and SCBF in the autoregulatory range. Autoregulation was also demonstrated regionally in the left cortex, right cortex, brainstem, thalamus, cerebellum, hippocampus and cervical, thoracic and lumbar cord. This data provides a coherent reference point hi establishing autoregulatory curves under barbiturate anesthesia. Further investigation of the effects of other anesthetic agents on autoregulation of the spinal cord is needed. It is possible that intraspinal cord compliance, like intracranial compliance, might be adversely affected by the effects of anesthetics on autoregulation. Stroke Vol 17, No 6, 1986 HEMODYNAMIC AUTOREGULATION, a mechanism intrinsic to the cerebrovascular system, and also present in many other tissues, maintains tissue blood flow within a narrow range despite changes in perfusion pressure. It has been firmly established as the primary blood flow regulatory mechanism in the brain and constitutes a physiological adjustment that is of major importance in maintenance of a homeostatic internal environment of the brain. The first observation of cerebral autoregulation was made by Fog in 1934. 1 -2 He observed the responses of pial vessels of cats through a cranial window under conditions of varying arterial blood pressure and noted dilation with a fall in blood pressure and constriction with a rise in blood pressure. Lassen, in his review in 1959, established the concept of cerebral autoregulation based on actual measurements of blood flow during blood pressure alterations. 3 Since that time, cerebral autoregulation has been extensively investigated and it has been found that under normotensive conditions mean arterial blood pressure can be varied from a lower limit of 60 mm Hg to an upper limit of 130 mm Hg without any measurable change in blood flow.4 Below these limits, cerebral blood flow markedly falls, and above these limits, forced dilation of arterioles occurs which is associated with disruption of the blood brain barrier and edema formation. Received July 17, 1985; revision #1 accepted January 29, 1986. vascular dynamics. However, a comparison between the autoregulatory capabilities of these two tissues has not been demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to simultaneously measure spinal cord and cerebral blood flow under conditions of varying...

show abstract

Section: Table 2 Cerebral Blood Flow In the Ratmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Table 2 Cerebral Blood Flow In the Ratmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoregulation of spinal cord blood flow: is the cord a microcosm of the brain?

Hickey¹,

Albin²,

Bunegin³

et al. 1986

Stroke

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Spinal cord ischemia is a likely consequence of both local and systemic vascular alterations after severe injury (Tator, 1991(Tator, , 1998Young, 1993). Local vascular alterations include immediate mechanical damage of the microvasculature and focal, post-injury vasospasm, both of which lead to loss of autoregulation of spinal cord blood flow (Guha et al, 1989;Kobrine et al, 1976;Senter and Venes, 1979;Young et al, 1982). Systemic hypotension compounds local spinal cord ischemia by further reducing perfusion, ultimately reducing spinal cord tissue delivery of oxygen (DO 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severity of Locomotor and Cardiovascular Derangements after Experimental High-Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury Is Anesthesia Dependent in Rats

Nout

Beattie

Bresnahan

2012

Journal of Neurotrauma

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anesthetics affect outcomes from central nervous system (CNS) injuries differently. This is the first study to show how two commonly used anesthetics affect continuously recorded hemodynamic parameters and locomotor recovery during a 2-week period after two levels of contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. We hypothesized that the level of cardiovascular depression and recovery of locomotor function would be dependent upon the anesthetic used during SCI. Thirty-two adult female rats were subjected to a sham, 25-mm or 50-mm SCI at T3-4 under pentobarbital or isoflurane anesthesia. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were telemetrically recorded before, during, and after SCI. Locomotor function recovered best in the 25-mm-injured isofluraneanesthetized animals. There was no significant difference in locomotor recovery between the 25-mm-injured pentobarbital-anesthetized animals and the 50-mm-injured isoflurane-anesthetized animals. White matter sparing and extent of intermediolateral cell column loss appeared larger in animals anesthetized with pentobarbital, but this was not significant. There were no differential effects of anesthetics on HR and MAP before SCI, but recovery from anesthesia was significantly slower in pentobarbital-anesthetized animals. At the time of SCI, MAP was acutely elevated in the pentobarbital-anesthetized animals, whereas MAP decreased in the isoflurane-anesthetized animals. Hypotension occurred in the pentobarbital-anesthetized groups and in the 50-mm-injured isoflurane-anesthetized group. In pentobarbital-anesthetized animals, SCI resulted in acute elevation of HR, although HR remained low. Return of HR to baseline was much slower in the pentobarbital-anesthetized animals. Severe SCI at T3 produced significant chronic tachycardia that was injury severity dependent. Although some laboratories monitor blood pressure, HR, and other physiological variables during surgery for SCI, inherently few have monitored cardiovascular function during recovery. This study shows that anesthetics affect hemodynamic parameters differently, which in turn can affect functional outcome measures. This supports the need for a careful evaluation of cardiovascular and other physiological measures in experimental models of SCI. Choice of anesthetic should be an important consideration in experimental designs and data analyses.

show abstract

“…The effects of variations of blood pressure on spinal cord blood flow have been investigated by Kindt [15], Griffiths [11], Kobrine etal. [17], and Flohr etal. [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between spinal cord blood flow and arterial diameter following acute spinal cord injury in rats

et al. 1996

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Simultaneous measurements of spinal cord blood flow and arterial diameter at areas adjacent to a site of spinal cord injury were carried out to determine changes in CO(2) reactivity and autoregulation. The spinal cord injury was made at T10 level by the epidural clip compression method. A spinal window was drilled at an area either 7 mm caudal or 7 mm rostral to the injury site for the measurement of spinal cord blood flow and arterial diameter at the same time. Spinal cord blood flow was decreased at both spinal windows, especially at the rostral window. Arterial diameter was also decreased significantly at both sites. The ischaemic zone evaluated histologically tended to expand more diffusely in the rostral direction than in the caudal direction. In the pre-injury stage, both CO(2) reactivity and autoregulation were present in the spinal cord. Following the clip injury, CO(2) reactivity and autoregulation were both impaired in the areas 7 mm adjacent to the impact site. Correlation coefficients suggested that the rostral spinal cord tended to sustain more injury than the caudal spinal cord. The histologically proven spinal cord ischaemia following the injury may have resulted from the decreased arterial diameter and impaired CO(2) reactivity and dysautoregulation of the spinal cord.

show abstract

Spinal cord blood flow as affected by changes in systemic arterial blood pressure

Cited by 90 publications

References 8 publications

Autoregulation of spinal cord blood flow: is the cord a microcosm of the brain?

Autoregulation of spinal cord blood flow: is the cord a microcosm of the brain?

Severity of Locomotor and Cardiovascular Derangements after Experimental High-Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury Is Anesthesia Dependent in Rats

Correlation between spinal cord blood flow and arterial diameter following acute spinal cord injury in rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About