“…This preemptive sensory block could have a very positive impact on the insurgence of post-surgical chronic pain syndromes. In addition, thanks to the reduced surgical invasivity and the improved knowledge of the physiology of ventilation, non-intubated lung surgery is nowadays a reality (13) [truth be told, there are precedents: in the 1930s spinal thoracic anesthesia was used in awake patients (14), though in a setting where safety standards were hardly what they are today, and reports of such practices are now read more for historical curiosity than for scientific comparison].…”