Spinal Anesthesia

CoTUI,

doi:10.1001/archsurg.1936.01190050094005

Cited by 12 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Anticholinesterases have been shown previously to cause bronchoconstriction in isolated perfused lungs (Alcock et al, 1935;Green, McKay, andKrop, 1947: Bhattacharya andPochet, 1956). They also cause contraction of muscle in isolated trachea or bronchial chain preparations (Macht and Ting, 1921 ;Hawkins and Schild, 1951 ;de Candole et al, 1953) and diminish the rate of flow in perfused bronchial tree preparations (Swanson and Webster, 1930;Cotui, Burstein and Wright, 1936). Sollmann and Gilbert (1937) made microscopic observations on thin sections of lung and found that application of eserine caused bronchiolar contraction.…”

Section: Pulmonary Vascular Effects Of Sarin and Teppmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Anticholinesterases on the Bronchioles and Pulmonary Blood Vessels in Isolated Perfused Lungs of the Dog

Daly

1957

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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The effects of two potent inhibitors of cholinesterase, isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate (sarin) and ethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP), were investigated on the bronchioles and pulmonary blood vessels in isolated dog lung preparations perfused with heparinized blood and ventilated artificially. These anticholinesterases caused gradual bronchoconstriction as indicated by a diminution in tidal air volume, a reduction in compliance and an increase in expiratory resistance. These effects were antagonized by atropine. An increase in pulmonary vascular resistance occurred which was enhanced by the addition of small quantities of acetylcholine to the perfusing blood. The pulmonary vascular effects of acetylcholine, sarin and TEPP were prevented and abolished by atropine. Evidence is presented which suggests that the site of action of these anticholinesterases is, at least in part, peripheral to the autonomic ganglia.The effects of anticholinesterases on the pulmonary circulation in the dog have been studied recently by Daly (1957) and by Daly and Wright (1957). Under conditions in which respiration, pulmonary blood flow and left atrial pressure were controlled to exclude passive effects on the pulmonary circulation, the intravenous administration of anticholinesterases caused an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (Daly and Wright, 1957). It was suggested that several mechanisms probably contributed to this response, and evidence was presented that one of these was an alteration in alveolar gas tensions. Owing to the difficulty of controlling other variables it was not possible in these experiments to obtain evidence of a possible direct action of anticholinesterases on the pulmonary blood vessels. This problem has now been investigated and the results are presented in this paper. For the most part, isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate (sarin) was used, but a few experiments were made with ethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP). METHODS Dogs, varying in weight from 6 to 14.7 kg., were given morphine hydrochloride (1 to 2 mg./kg. body weight, subcutaneously). Under local anaesthesia, a femoral artery was cannulated, and after intravenous injection of heparin (" Liquemin," Roche Products, 7 to 8 mg./kg.) to prevent intravascular clotting in later stages of making the preparation, the animal was bled to death. By means of a Dale-Schuster pump, the lungs were perfused in situ through the pulmonary artery at a constant blood volume inflow. Blood from the cannulated left atrium was collected in a reservoir, the bottom of which was connected to the input side of the pump. To prevent blood escaping from the pulmonary circulation by way of the bronchial vascular system, the superior and inferior venae cavae, the vena azygos, the aorta just above the level of the diaphragm and the oesophagus above and below the lung hilus were ligated. The ventricles were compressed by tying them tightly with tape just below the atrio-ventricular junction.Both the pump and reservoir were placed in a thermostatically controlled water-bath at 37'. The pulmon...

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Section: Pulmonary Vascular Effects Of Sarin and Teppmentioning

confidence: 99%