Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) modulates its proteome differentially in response to salinity, cadmium and their combination stress

Effects Research of Environmental Hormone BPA and PAEs on the Expression of HSP70-9 Gene in Spinacia oleracea

“…Comparing Figure 1 and Figure 2, HSP70-9 expression under combined pollutants appears lower than expression in response to single pollutions, with the exception of the P 10 BPA. This finding suggests that spinach uses different mechanisms to respond to combined and single EHs pollution [13], but the same response protein in both mechanisms is HSP70. The induction of HSP70 under environmental stress is regulated by heat shock transcription factors (HSF) and corresponding heat shock elements (HSE) in the promoters [24].…”

“…The study of heavy metals pollutants treatments on spinach, including Cd, Pb and Zn, suggest that the impact of combined pollution is stronger than that of single pollutions, but weaker than the mathematical addition of two single pollutions' impact [9]. A study of Cd and NaCl pollutants suggest that the expression of spinach HSP70 is significantly increased under the combined pollution, but unchanged under either individual pollution [13]. Comparing Figure 1 and Figure 2, HSP70-9 expression under combined pollutants appears lower than expression in response to single pollutions, with the exception of the P 10 BPA.…”

“…Plants experiencing adversity can produce some novelty proteins or shut down some proteins biosynthesis to resist the impact of a single stress or combined stress [13][14][15]. Although heat shock proteins (HSPs) were discovered and named after their response to thermal stress [16], HSPs are not only regulated by temperature stress, but induced by a range of other environmental stress, such as salinity, cold and heavy metals [17].…”

“…Although heat shock proteins (HSPs) were discovered and named after their response to thermal stress [16], HSPs are not only regulated by temperature stress, but induced by a range of other environmental stress, such as salinity, cold and heavy metals [17]. Generally it is agreed with that HSPs (especially the HSP70 and HSP90 families) play an important role in alleviating the damage caused by various environmental stresses [13,18]. HSPs can be divided into five major families: HSP100, HSP90, HSP70, HSP60 and small HSP family [19,20].…”

“…Among these families, HSP70 family is the highly conserved and the most researched gene family [11,15,17,[20][21][22][23][24]. Studies have demonstrated that heat stress [15,[18][19][20][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], Cold stress [15,24,26,29,30], water stress [22,25,26,33,34], oxidative stresses [19,20,22], heavy metals [9,12,13,35], salt stress [13,19,20,22,34], light stress [27], and chemical contaminants [11,15,18,19,25,[35]…”