Spinach Ferredoxin (Fdx) as an Organic Material to Improve Optical Band Gap of Chitosan (Cs) Biofilm

Abstract

In this study, the effect of spinach-ferredoxin addition in chitosan matrix towards optical band gap was investigated. 5 distinct solutions were prepared by blending chitosan and spinach-ferredoxin (Cs-Fdx) with the volume to volume ratios of 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20 respectively. The solutions were cast into film via spin coating technique. The optical properties in terms of absorbance for these films were investigated using UV-Vis Spectrometer. UV-Vis result showed that the absorbance increased as the spinach-ferredoxin content increases. Finally, the optical band gaps of the films were determined by extrapolating a straight line of (αhν)2vs. hν curves. Band gap value of 3.48 eV, 3.25 eV, 3.2 eV, 3.0 eV, and 2.8 eV were observed for (Cs-Fdx) films with 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20 respectively.

The characterization of Pahae Natural Zeolite and its application on ammonium removal

“…The three-dimensional structure of natural zeolites is known as the aluminosilicate tetrahedral framework. Covalent bonds between the aluminum and silicon atoms form a network over common oxygen atoms, creating interconnected cages and channels [8][9][10]. With each substitution of an aluminum atom (Al 3+ ) for a silicon atom (Si 4+ ) within the zeolite framework, a negative charge is introduced to the structure.…”