Spin-wave logical gates

Kostylev, Mikhail; Serga, A. A.; Schneider, Thomas; Leven, B.; Hillebrands, B.

doi:10.1063/1.2089147

Cited by 461 publications

(362 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…From the condition Z r << z 0 to the first order in Z r /z 0 from Eqs. (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) one obtains…”

Section: Transducer Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

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Strong asymmetry of microwave absorption by bilayer conducting ferromagnetic films in the microstrip-line based broadband ferromagnetic resonance

Kostylev

2009

Journal of Applied Physics

126

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Peculiarities of ferromagnetic resonance response of conducting magnetic bi-layer films of nanometric thicknesses excited by microstrip microwave transducers have been studied theoretically.Strong asymmetry of the response has been found. Depending on the order of layers with respect to the transducer either the first higher-order standing spin wave mode, or the fundamental mode shows the largest response. Film conductivity and lowered symmetry of microwave fields of such transducers are responsible for this behavior. Amplitude of which mode is larger also depends on the driving frequency. This effect is explained as shielding of the asymmetric transducer field by eddy currents in the films. This shielding remains very efficient for films with thicknesses well below the microwave skin depth. This effect may be useful for studying buried magnetic interfaces and should be accounted for in future development of broadband inductive ferromagnetic resonance methods.

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“…From the condition Z r << z 0 to the first order in Z r /z 0 from Eqs. (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) one obtains…”

Section: Transducer Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This interest is largely due to the possibility of using spin waves to perform logic operations [15,16,17,18,19,20]. If necessary, the expressions we obtain can be easily extended to describe excitation of propagating spin waves following suggestions in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong asymmetry of microwave absorption by bilayer conducting ferromagnetic films in the microstrip-line based broadband ferromagnetic resonance

Kostylev

2009

Journal of Applied Physics

126

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“…As shown in Ref. [7], in the case of wide conductors it is possible to shift the spin wave phase by π without introducing a noticeable decrease in the output * Electronic address: tschneider@physik.uni-kl.de 2 spin wave amplitude due to reflection back from the region of induced field inhomogeneity.To simplify demonstration of functionality of the XNOR gate we used an up-scaled prototype, compared to the common sizes of magnetic elements used in other logic schemes [2,3]. The physical principles underlying the device performance would remain practically the same if the prototype is implemented with micrometer sizes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7] which was based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. For its implementation the reference interferometer arm of the NOT gate is replaced by an arm identical to the signal arm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Realization of spin-wave logic gates

Schneider

Serga

Leven

et al. 2008

Applied Physics Letters

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677

461

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We demonstrate the functionality of spin-wave logic XNOR and NAND gates based on a MachZehnder type interferometer which has arms implemented as sections of ferrite film spin-wave waveguides. Logical input signals are applied to the gates by varying either the phase or the amplitude of the spin waves in the interferometer arms. This phase or amplitude variation is produced by Oersted fields of dc current pulses through conductors placed on the surface of the magnetic films.Although commonly used for data storage applications, there have been relatively few attempts to employ magnetic phenomena for performing logical operations. The suggested concepts include the control of domain wall movement [1], of magnetoresistance of individual magnetic elements [2], and of a magnetostatic field of a set of magnetic nanoelements [3]. Yet another concept is using spin-wave interferometers. It was discussed theoretically in Refs. [4,5,6], but there was only one experimental demonstration of spin wave logic gate functionality [7], where an one-input NOT gate was implemented in a interferometer-like geometry. In the present work we experimentally demonstrate the functionality of more complicated logic gates based on spin waves.The fabricated prototype of a XNOR logic gate is a direct extension of the NOT gate from Ref. [7] which was based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. For its implementation the reference interferometer arm of the NOT gate is replaced by an arm identical to the signal arm. Controlling phases accumulated by the spin waves in both arms allows one to perform the XNOR operation.Demonstrating the functionality of a NAND logic gate is a considerable step forward in the development of spin wave logic compared to the NOT and XNOR gates. Firstly because the NAND function belongs to a class of universal functions which means that combining NAND gates allows one to construct gates of other types. Secondly because for its implementation, we use here a new physical principle: direct control of spin wave amplitudes in the interferometer arms.Figure 1(b) shows the principle setup of an exclusive not OR (XNOR, also called logical equality) gate. It consists of two arms of a spin-wave Mach-Zehnder interferometer implemented as ferrite film structures. Spin waves are inserted in both arms using microstrip antennas connected to a common microwave pulse source, thus guaranteeing the same phase in both arms. The spin waves are phase-coherently detected using microstrip antenna detectors. The signals of both arms are brought to interference electronically. The phase accumulated by the spin waves on their paths through the two arms is controlled by applying dc currents I 1 and I 2 to the arms. Figure 1(a) shows phase inserted due to a current in an interferometer arm. One sees a linear dependence of the accumulated phase on the current. One also sees that the phase characteristics in both arms are identical.The currents I 1 and I 2 serve as logical inputs, where a logical zero is represented by I = 0 A and a logical one by the cur...

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“…The investigation of dynamic behavior in ferromagnetic patterned elements is important in designing high-frequency memory elements [1,2], logic devices [3][4][5], and tunable magnonic filters [6,7]. Ferromagnetic rings are particularly interesting because they show a range of magnetic states at remanence such as the onion (or bi-domain) state, with two 180°domain walls (DWs), and the vortex (flux-closed) state, depending on the reversal process and the ring dimensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of the ferromagnetic resonance behavior of coupled rectangular and circular Ni80Fe20rings

2014

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A systematic investigation of the dynamic behavior of Ni 80 Fe 20 ring arrays using broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy as a function of inter-ring spacing and ring thickness is presented. Four distinct resonance modes were found for rectangular rings compared to the two modes seen in circular rings of identical width due to the presence of sharp corners and nonuniform demagnetization field distribution. The resonance peaks were sensitive to the inter-ring spacing and the ring thickness due to magnetostatic coupling. Micromagnetic simulations and analytical calculations are compared with the experiment results.

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Spin-wave logical gates

Cited by 461 publications

References 9 publications

Strong asymmetry of microwave absorption by bilayer conducting ferromagnetic films in the microstrip-line based broadband ferromagnetic resonance

Strong asymmetry of microwave absorption by bilayer conducting ferromagnetic films in the microstrip-line based broadband ferromagnetic resonance

Realization of spin-wave logic gates

Comparative study of the ferromagnetic resonance behavior of coupled rectangular and circular Ni80Fe20rings

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