Spin Squeezing of a Cold Atomic Ensemble with the Nuclear Spin of One-Half

Takano, T.; Fuyama, M.; Namiki, Ryo; Takahashi, Yoshiro

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.102.033601

Cited by 140 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It has been demonstrated that the TAT spin squeezing can be transformed from the OAT type by using repeated Rabi pulses [20]. Moreover, many other mechanisms are promising for producing SSSs [21,22,23,24,25,26]. The fact is that the SSSs is one type of quantum entangled states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Fisher information and spin squeezing in one-axis twisting model

Zhong¹,

Liu²,

Ma³

et al. 2014

Chinese Phys. B

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Abstract. We consider the quantum Fisher information and spin squeezing in oneaxis twisting model with a coherent spin state |θ 0 , φ 0 . We analytically discuss the dependence of the two parameters: spin squeezing parameter ξ 2 K and the average parameter estimation precision χ 2 on the polar angle θ 0 and the azimuth angle φ 0 . Moreover, we discuss the effects of the collisional dephasing on the dynamics of the two parameters. In this case, the analytical solution of ξ 2 K is also obtained.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Fisher information and spin squeezing in one-axis twisting model

Zhong¹,

Liu²,

Ma³

et al. 2014

Chinese Phys. B

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“…Such backaction evading techniques were first realized for the detection of optical quadratures [21][22][23] and have since been used for, e.g. precision measurement of atomic ensemble spin [24][25][26][27][28] and quantum non-demolition microwave photon counting [29]. In optomechanics, to perform a back-action evading measurement of the mechanical position, a time-dependent measurement scheme is required.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cooling-by-measurement and mechanical state tomography via pulsed optomechanics

et al. 2013

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Observing a physical quantity without disturbing it is a key capability for the control of individual quantum systems. Such back-action-evading or quantum-non-demolition measurements were first introduced in the 1970s in the context of gravitational wave detection to measure weak forces on test masses by high precision monitoring of their motion. Now, such techniques have become an indispensable tool in quantum science for preparing, manipulating, and detecting quantum states of light, atoms, and other quantum systems. Here we experimentally perform rapid optical quantumnoise-limited measurements of the position of a mechanical oscillator by using pulses of light with a duration much shorter than a period of mechanical motion. Using this back-action evading interaction we performed both state preparation and full state tomography of the mechanical motional state. We have reconstructed mechanical states with a position uncertainty reduced to 19 pm, limited by the quantum fluctuations of the optical pulse, and we have performed 'cooling-by-measurement' to reduce the mechanical mode temperature from an initial 1100 K to 16 K. Future improvements to this technique may allow for quantum squeezing of mechanical motion, even from room temperature, and reconstruction of non-classical states exhibiting negative regions in their phase-space quasi-probability distribution.Experiments are now beginning to investigate nonclassical motion of massive mechanical devices [1][2][3]. This opens up new perspectives for quantum-physics enhanced applications and for tests of the foundations of physics. A versatile approach to manipulate mechanical states of motion is provided by the interaction with electromagnetic radiation, typically confined to microwave or optical cavities. Such cavity-optomechanics experiments [4][5][6][7][8] have thus far largely concentrated on high sensitivity continuous monitoring of the mechanical position [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Because of the back-action imparted by the probe onto the measured object, the precision of such a measurement is fundamentally constrained by the standard quantum limit (SQL) [15,16], and therefore only allows for classical phase-space reconstruction [9,17,18]. In order to observe quantum mechanical features that are smaller than the mechanical zero-point motion, backaction-evading measurement techniques that can surpass the SQL [19,20] are required. Following the early insights of Braginsky, beating the standard quantum limit 'can be achieved only in one way: design the probe so it "sees" only the measured observable ' [15]. Such backaction evading techniques were first realized for the detection of optical quadratures [21][22][23] and have since been used for, e.g. precision measurement of atomic ensemble spin [24][25][26][27][28] and quantum non-demolition microwave photon counting [29]. In optomechanics, to perform a back-action evading measurement of the mechanical position, a time-dependent measurement scheme is required. One prominent example is the so-called 'two-tone app...

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“…Nonfluorescence based atom-counting in 87 Sr [28,29] and 171 Yb [33] have been performed using the dipole-allowed transition 1 S 0 to 1 P 1 and no optical cavity. Atomic proarXiv:1506.02297v1 [physics.atom-ph]…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonfluorescence based atom-counting in 87 Sr [28,29] and 171 Yb [33] have been performed using the dipole-allowed transition 1 S 0 to 1 P 1 and no optical cavity. Atomic pro-jection noise level sensitivity was achieved, but with the scattering of ∼ 100 photons per atom [28,29] and with uncharacterized scattering [33]. While [28,29] demonstrated that the atoms were retained in the lattice trap, the need to re-cool the atoms leads to additional stochastic losses [34].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong coupling on a forbidden transition in strontium and nondestructive atom counting

Norcia

Thompson

2016

Phys. Rev. A

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We observe strong collective coupling between an optical cavity and the forbidden spin singlet to triplet optical transition 1 S0 to 3 P1 in an ensemble of 88 Sr. Despite the transition being 1000 times weaker than a typical dipole transition, we observe a well resolved vacuum Rabi splitting. We use the observed vacuum Rabi splitting to make non-destructive measurements of atomic population with the equivalent of projection-noise limited sensitivity and minimal heating (< 0.01 photon recoils/atom). This technique may be used to enhance the performance of optical lattice clocks by generating entangled states and reducing dead time.Two modes are strongly coupled when the frequency Ω at which they exchange excitations exceeds the rate of interaction with the environment. Strong coupling enables one to generate large amounts of entanglement [1, 2], achieve efficient quantum memories [3], cool the motion of atoms [4] and mesoscopic oscillators [5], and explore collective self-organization and synchronization phenomena such as superradiant lasing [6][7][8][9] and the Dicke phase transition [10,11].In this Letter, we observe strong coupling between an optical cavity and the collective excitation of up to N = 1.25 × 10 5 strontium atoms in a 1D optical lattice. The strong coupling is achieved using the forbidden electronic spin singlet to triplet optical transition 1 S 0 to 3 P 1 in 88 Sr. The excited state 3 P 1 couples to the environment via spontaneous emission at the relatively slow rate of γ = 2π × 7.5 kHz.Despite operating on a transition with 1000 times smaller squared matrix element than transitions typically used in optical cavity-QED experiments, we observe a highly-resolved splitting of the normal modes of the coupled atom-cavity system, known as a collective vacuum Rabi splitting [12,13]. This observation demonstrates that despite the relative feebleness of the transition, the tools of cavity-QED can now be applied to a system of extreme interest for quantum metrology [14]. Example technologies include optical lattice clocks [15][16][17] and ultra-narrow lasers [6][7][8][9], along with their associated broad range of potential applications such defining the second [14,18], quantum many-body simulations [19], measuring gravitational potentials [20] and gravity waves [21], and searches for physics beyond the standard model [22,23].One relevant application of this newly achieved regime is for state-selective, non-destructive counting of strontium atoms. Such counting has been used to generate highly spin-squeezed states [1,24] that surpass the standard quantum limit on phase estimation [25][26][27]. More simply, but quite importantly, non-destructive readout methods [28] can reduce the highly deleterious effects of local oscillator noise aliasing [29,30] in optical lattice clocks. Here, we utilize the observed vacuum Rabi splitting to non-destructively count atoms with the equivalent of sub-projection noise sensitivity. We verify that this sensitivity is achieved with as few as 0.01 photon recoils imparted to e...

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Spin Squeezing of a Cold Atomic Ensemble with the Nuclear Spin of One-Half

Cited by 140 publications

References 27 publications

Quantum Fisher information and spin squeezing in one-axis twisting model

Quantum Fisher information and spin squeezing in one-axis twisting model

Cooling-by-measurement and mechanical state tomography via pulsed optomechanics

Strong coupling on a forbidden transition in strontium and nondestructive atom counting

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