Spin Pumping at the Magnetic Insulator (YIG)/Normal Metal (Au) Interfaces

Heinrich, B.; Burrowes, C.; Montoya, Eric; Kardasz, B.; Girt, Erol; Song, Young-Yeal; Sun, Yonghe; Wu, Mingzhong

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.107.066604

Cited by 420 publications

(314 citation statements)

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“…One could take advantage of the spin-mixing conductance concept [5,6] at nonmagnetic metal (NM)/ferromagnetic insulator (FMI) interfaces, which governs the interaction between the spin currents present at the NM and the magnetization of the FMI. This concept is the basis of new spindependent phenomena, including spin pumping [6][7][8][9][10][11][12], spin Seebeck effect [6,13], and spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) [6,[14][15][16][17][18]. In these cases, a NM with large spin-orbit coupling is required to convert the involved spin currents into charge currents via the inverse spin Hall effect [19].…”

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“…The difference, which is less than a factor of 2, can thus be considered to be small, taking into account that, in order to observe a relevant variation in β, a much larger change in G r is needed [Fig. 4(c [16], and Au/YIG (between 3.5 × 10 13 and 1.9 × 10 14 −1 m −2 ) [10,11] either by SMR or spin pumping experiments.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Such effects are unlikely in Cu/YIG. It is worth noting that the G r of a NM/YIG interface, for a NM with a negligible spin-orbit coupling, was not experimentally measured before due to the need of the inverse spin Hall effect (and thus a high spin-orbit coupling metal) in the experiments made so far [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

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Modulation of pure spin currents with a ferromagnetic insulator

et al. 2015

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We propose and demonstrate spin manipulation by magnetically controlled modulation of pure spin currents in cobalt/copper lateral spin valves, fabricated on top of the magnetic insulator Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 (YIG). The direction of the YIG magnetization can be controlled by a small magnetic field. We observe a clear modulation of the nonlocal resistance as a function of the orientation of the YIG magnetization with respect to the polarization of the spin current. Such a modulation can only be explained by assuming a finite spin-mixing conductance at the Cu/YIG interface, as it follows from the solution of the spin-diffusion equation Spintronics is a rapidly growing field that aims at using and manipulating not only the charge, but also the spin of the electron, which could lead to faster data processing, nonvolatility, and lower electrical power consumption as compared to conventional electronics [1]. Sophisticated applications such as hard-disk read heads and magnetic random access memory (MRAM) have been introduced in the last two decades.Further progress could be achieved with pure spin currents, which are an essential ingredient in an envisioned spin-only circuit that would integrate logics and memory [2]. The most basic unit in such a concept is the spin analog to the transistor, in which the manipulation of pure spin currents is crucial. The original proposal by Datta and Das [3], which is also applicable to pure spin currents [4], suggested a spin manipulation that would arise from the spin precession due to the spin-orbit interaction modulated by an electric field (Rashba coupling). However, a fundamental limitation appears here, because the best materials for spin transport are those showing the lowest spin-orbit interaction and, therefore, there has been no success in electrically manipulating the spins and propagating them at the same environment, with few exceptions [4].Alternative ways to control pure spin currents are thus desirable. One could take advantage of the spin-mixing conductance concept [5,6] at nonmagnetic metal (NM)/ferromagnetic insulator (FMI) interfaces, which governs the interaction between the spin currents present at the NM and the magnetization of the FMI. This concept is the basis of new spindependent phenomena, including spin pumping [6][7][8][9][10][11][12], spin Seebeck effect [6,13], and spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) [6,[14][15][16][17][18]. In these cases, a NM with large spin-orbit coupling is required to convert the involved spin currents into charge currents via the inverse spin Hall effect [19].In this Rapid Communication, we demonstrate an alternative way of modulating pure spin currents based on a magnetic, instead of electric, gating. To that end, we use lateral spin valves (LSVs). These devices allow an electrical injection and detection of pure spin currents in a NM channel by using * f.casanova@nanogune.eu ferromagnetic (FM) electrodes in a nonlocal configuration [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. The LSVs have been fabricated on top of a FMI, in order to enab...

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Modulation of pure spin currents with a ferromagnetic insulator

et al. 2015

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“…To date, significant focus has been set on NM/FM heterostructures comprising 3d materials 5-8 with a recent extension to yttrium iron garnet (YIG). [9][10][11] Further identification of new material platforms for the efficient generation, transmission, and conversion of spin currents is of great importance for enriching this emerging field.…”

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Magnetic anisotropy, damping, and interfacial spin transport in Pt/LSMO bilayers

et al. 2016

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We report ferromagnetic resonance measurements of magnetic anisotropy and damping in epitaxial La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) and Pt capped LSMO thin films on SrTiO3 (001) substrates. The measurements reveal large negative perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and a weaker uniaxial in-plane anisotropy that are unaffected by the Pt cap. The Gilbert damping of the bare LSMO films is found to be low α = 1.9(1) × 10−3, and two-magnon scattering is determined to be significant and strongly anisotropic. The Pt cap increases the damping by 50% due to spin pumping, which is also directly detected via inverse spin Hall effect in Pt. Our work demonstrates efficient spin transport across the Pt/LSMO interface.

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“…Improved crystallization of the garnet later yielded full mode conversion in 3mm 21 . Importantly, once highly gyrotropic YIG is grown successfully on Si, it may also find application in spintronics, for example, in spin logic and spin current generators 1,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] . This paper will discuss the optical consequences of having seedlayers on waveguides with garnet claddings and will introduce two new garnet materials, terbium iron garnet (TIG, Tb 3 Fe 5 O 12 ) and bismuth-doped terbium iron garnet (Bi:TIG), both of which do not require seedlayers on Si or on other non-garnet substrates.…”

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Optimized Magneto-optical Isolator Designs Inspired by Seedlayer-Free Terbium Iron Garnets with Opposite Chirality

et al. 2016

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2016) Optimized magneto-optical isolator designs inspired by seedlayer-free terbium iron garnets with opposite chirality. ACS Photonics, 3(10), pp. 1818Photonics, 3(10), pp. -1825Photonics, 3(10), pp. . (doi:10.1021 This is the author's final accepted version.There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it.http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/124482/ ∥ School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K. ABSTRACT: ABSTRACT: ABSTRACT:ABSTRACT: Simulations demonstrate that undoped yttrium iron garnet (YIG) seedlayers cause reduced Faraday rotation in silicon-oninsulator (SOI) waveguides with Ce-doped YIG claddings. Undoped seedlayers are required for the crystallization of the magneto-optical Ce:YIG claddings, but they diminish the interaction of the Ce:YIG with the guided modes. Therefore new magneto-optical garnets, terbium iron garnet (TIG) and bismuth-doped TIG (Bi:TIG), are introduced that can be integrated directly on Si and quartz substrates without seedlayers. The Faraday rotations of TIG and Bi:TIG films at 1550nm were measured to be +500 and -500°/cm, respectively. Simulations show that these new garnets have the potential to significantly mitigate the negative impact of the seedlayers under Ce:YIG claddings. The successful growth of TIG and Bi:TIG on low-index fused quartz inspired novel garnet-core waveguide isolator designs, simulated using finite difference time domain (FDTD) methods. These designs use alternating segments of positive and negative Faraday rotation for push-pull quasi phase matching in order to overcome birefringence in waveguides with rectangular cross-sections. KEYWORDS KEYWORDS KEYWORDS KEYWORDS: yttrium iron garnet (YIG) seedlayer, terbium iron garnet (TIG), cerium doped yttrium iron garnet (Ce:YIG) , silicon on insulator (SOI) waveguides, Faraday rotation, optical isolator Photonic systems have ever increasing applications in high-speed electronics/ spintronics 1,2 , computing 3 , telecommunications 4,5 and medicine 6 . These systems use light as the signal carrier, and similar to diodes in electronics, photonic systems require non-reciprocal devices with high optical isolation capabilities to protect light sources. Currently, non-reciprocal photonic materials are only available in discrete components. However, if light sources are to be integrated onto photonic chips, non-reciprocal devices will also be needed on those chips. Indeed, isolators will be necessary anywhere in optical circuits where back-reflections are detrimental and likely to occur. Garnets, with their unique magneto-optical (MO) properties have been the material of choice for building passive non-reciprocal devices [7][8][9][10] . In general, non-garnet non-reciprocal devices are active devices that require external power sources, which increase the complexity and cost of the device [11][12][13][14] . MO effects in garnets are the result of non-zero off-diagonal components in the dielectric matrix (ε) ...

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Spin Pumping at the Magnetic Insulator (YIG)/Normal Metal (Au) Interfaces

Cited by 420 publications

References 14 publications

Modulation of pure spin currents with a ferromagnetic insulator

Modulation of pure spin currents with a ferromagnetic insulator

Magnetic anisotropy, damping, and interfacial spin transport in Pt/LSMO bilayers

Optimized Magneto-optical Isolator Designs Inspired by Seedlayer-Free Terbium Iron Garnets with Opposite Chirality

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