Spin portal to dark matter

Abstract

In this work, we study the possibility that dark matter fields transform in the ð1; 0Þ ⊕ ð0; 1Þ representation of the homogeneous Lorentz group. In an effective theory approach, we study the lowest-dimension interacting terms of dark matter with standard model fields, assuming that dark matter fields transform as singlets under the standard model gauge group. There are three dimension-four operators, two of them yielding a Higgs portal to dark matter. The third operator couples the photon and Z 0 fields to the higher multipoles of dark matter, yielding a spin portal to dark matter. For low mass dark matter (D), the decays Z 0 →DD and H →DD are kinematically allowed and contribute to the invisible widths of the Z 0 and H bosons. We use experimental results on these invisible widths to constrain the values of the low-energy constants g t (for the spin portal) and g s , g p (for the Higgs portal) for this mass region. We calculate the dark matter relic density in our formalism and, using the above constraints, we find that consistency with the experimental value requires dark matter to have a mass M > 43 GeV in the case of the spin portal and M > 62 GeV for the Higgs portal. For higher mass dark matter (M > M H =2), we calculate the velocity averaged cross section for the annihilation of dark matter intobb and τ þ τ − and compare with the upper bounds recently reported by Fermi-LAT and DES Collaborations, finding that both portals yield results consistent with the reported upper bounds. Finally, we study direct detection by elastic scattering on nuclei. The Higgs portal yields results consistent with the upper bounds reported recently by the XENON Collaboration. The spin portal can also accommodate this data but requires higher values of the dark matter mass or smaller values of the corresponding coupling.

Spin-one dark matter and gamma ray signals from the galactic center

“…On the direct detection side, the appropriate description of XENON1T measurement of σ p [10] requires spin portal coupling g t ≤ 10 −5 for M ≈ 100 GeV to g t ≤ 10 −3 for M ≈ 1 T eV . Less stringent upper bounds are obtained for the Higgs portal coupling g s ≤ 10 −2 and no significant constraint is obtained for g p [5].…”

“…In ref. [5] we proposed an alternative (1, 0)⊕(0, 1) space-time structure for dark matter, in a formalism that generalizes the structure of spin 1/2 Dirac theory to spin-one matter particles. The corresponding quantum field theory was developed in [6] and it is based in the parity-based construction of a covariant basis for (j, 0) ⊕ (0, j) fields done in [7].…”

“…The interaction of spin-one dark matter (SODM) with SM fields is constructed under the effective field theory philosophy and a basic principle: SM fields are singlets of the dark gauge group and viceversa. Considering for simplicity the dark gauge group as U(1) D , the leading interacting terms in the effective field theory are [5] L int =ψ(g s 1 + ig p χ)ψφφ + g tψ M µν ψB µν + L self int , (1.1)…”

“…However, this is an O(g 2 t g 2 s ) contribution to the cross-section. The coupling g t is severely constrained to JHEP08(2020)106 g t ≤ 2 × 10 −4 by the XENON1T results on direct detection for SODM mass of the order of 100 GeV [5], which makes the initial state radiation very small compared with the GRE data.…”

Light signals from spin one tensor dark matter

“…Spin one matter fields in the chiral representation (1, 0) ⊗ (0, 1) of the Lorentz group can be studied in an antisymmetric tensor (Cata and Ibarra, 2014) or a sixtor (Napsuciale et al, 2016) representation. If the field is complex, i.e., if there is a dark sector with new gauge interactions, the coupling with the Standard Model can occur via a multipole interaction (Hernández-Arellano et al, 2018). In this work we consider a singlet dark matter field.…”