Spin-Polarized Vacuum Tunneling into the Exchange-Split Surface State of Gd(0001)

Bode, Matthias; Getzlaff, M.; Wiesendanger, R.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.81.4256

Cited by 225 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For Fe-coated W tips a value of P T ϭϪ0.4 was determined in earlier experiments. 61,63 The data of Fig. 14͑c͒ have been measured at a small bias voltage value of UϭϪ3 mV, i.e., very close to the Fermi level.…”

Section: Magnetic Imaging By Sp-stmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of a Mn monolayer on W(110)

et al. 2002

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In this paper we establish a monolayer of Mn on W͑110͒ as a model system for two-dimensional itinerant antiferromagnetism. Combining scanning tunneling microscopy ͑STM͒, low-energy electron diffraction, and ab initio calculations performed with the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method we have studied the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of a Mn monolayer on W͑110͒. Our experimental results indicate that in spite of the huge tensile strain Mn grows pseudomorphically on W͑110͒ up to a thickness of three monolayers. Intermixing between the Mn overlayer and the W substrate can be excluded. Using these structural data as a starting point for the ab initio calculations of one monolayer Mn on W͑110͒ we conclude that ͑i͒ Mn is magnetic and exhibits a large magnetic moment of 3.32 B , ͑ii͒ the magnetic moments are arranged in a c(2ϫ2) antiferromagnetic order, ͑iii͒ the easy axis of the magnetization is in plane and points along the ͓11 0͔ direction, i.e., the direction along the long side of the ͑110͒ surface unit cell with a magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy of 1.3-1.5 meV, and ͑iv͒ the Mn-W interlayer distance is 2.14 Å. The calculated electronic structure of a Mn monolayer on W͑110͒ is compared with experimental scanning tunneling spectroscopy results. Several aspects are in nice agreement, but one cannot unambiguously deduce the magnetic structure from such a comparison. The proposed two-dimensional antiferromagnetic ground state of a Mn monolayer on W͑110͒ is directly verified by the use of spin-polarized STM ͑SP-STM͒ in the constant-current mode, and an in-plane easy magnetization axis could be confirmed using tips with different magnetization directions. We compare the measurements with theoretically determined SP-STM images calculated combining the Tersoff-Hamann model extended to SP-STM with the ab initio calculation, resulting in good agreement.

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Section: Magnetic Imaging By Sp-stmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of a Mn monolayer on W(110)

et al. 2002

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“…in Refs. 7,2,19 , where it was assumed that Fe tips have constant polarizations over the range from -0.5eV to +0.5eV of ∼40%. Shown in Fig.…”

Section: The Necessity Of Energy-dependent Tip Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-dependent contrast in atomic-scale spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy ofMn3N2(010): Experiment and first-principles theory

Yang

Smith

et al. 2006

Phys. Rev. B

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“…Tip of this sort can be prepared by evaporating a thin magnetic layer on it [10]. Working with such tips may enable a more well defined experiments where the spin polarization of the tunneling electrons will be dependent on the type of paramagnetic material deposited on the tips.…”

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Exchange-based noise spectroscopy of a single precessing spin with scanning tunnelling microscopy

Balatsky

Manassen

Salem

2002

Philosophical Magazine B

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ESR-STM is an emerging technique which is capable of detecting the precession of a single spin. We discuss the mechanism of ESR-STM based on a direct exchange coupling between the tunneling electrons and the local precessing spin S. We claim that since the number of tunneling electrons in a single precessing period is small (∼ 20) one may expect a net temporary polarization within this period that will couple via exchange interaction to the localized spin. This coupling will randomly modulate the tunneling barrier and create a dispersion in the tunneling current which is a product of a Larmor frequency component due to the precession of the single spin and the dispersion of the spin of the tunneling electrons. This noise component is spread over the whole frequency range for random white noise spin polarization of electrons. In opposite case the power spectrum of the spins of the tunneling electrons has a peak at zero frequency an elevated noise in the current at ωL will appear. We discuss the possible source of this spin polarization. We find that for relevant values of parameters signal to noise ratio in the spectral characteristic is 2-4 and is comparable to the reported signal to noise ratio [1,2]. The magnitude of the current fluctuation is a relatively weak increaing function of the DC current and the magnetic field. The linewidth produced by the back action effect of tunneling electrons on the precessing spin is also discussed. The alternative technique that allows one to detect single spin is the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy in a single molecule [5]. In comparison, ESR-STM has the unique ability to correlate the spectroscopic information with the spatial information, detected at the atomic level. It also allows one to manipulate the position of the spin centers at the atomic level [4].There has been several proposals for the mechanism of detection. One is a polarization of the mobile carriers through spin orbit coupling, and modulation of the LDOS as a result of the precession [6]. Another one is the interference between two resonant tunneling components through the magnetic field splitted Zeeman levels [7]. Both of these mechanisms rely on a spin orbit coupling to couple a local spin S to the conduction electrons and have assumed no spin polarization of tunneling electrons. Recently however, Durkan and Welland [2] observed a strong signal in a system with a substantially smaller spin orbit coupling than what was assumed in the calculations [6], [7]. Motivated by these experiments we addressed a question: what is the role of the direct exchange interaction between the localized spin and the tunneling electrons. Exchange interaction has a tremendous influence on the physics of conducting substances when magnetic impurities are present [8] and it is natural to ask here: Does exchange interaction play a role in ESR-STM also?We find that a direct Heisenberg exchange interaction between the localized spin and the conduction electrons is capable of producing the modulation of the t...

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Spin-Polarized Vacuum Tunneling into the Exchange-Split Surface State of Gd(0001)

Cited by 225 publications

References 22 publications

Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of a Mn monolayer on W(110)

Structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of a Mn monolayer on W(110)

Energy-dependent contrast in atomic-scale spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy ofMn3N2(010): Experiment and first-principles theory

Exchange-based noise spectroscopy of a single precessing spin with scanning tunnelling microscopy

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