Spin-Polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscopy with Antiferromagnetic Probe Tips

Kubetzka, André; Bode, Matthias; Pietzsch, O.; Wiesendanger, R.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.88.057201

Cited by 254 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This coating thickness range has been reported to yield out-of-plane sensitivity. 10 We therefore conclude that the islands have outof-plane easy axis and blocking temperatures above 160 K. Both observations are in excellent agreement with spatially integrating measurements by in situ MOKE. 18 We kept the tunneling current below 1.0 nA since higher values produced a fast degradation of the spin contrast.…”

Section: Applied Physics Letterssupporting

confidence: 78%

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High tunnel magnetoresistance in spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy of Co nanoparticles on Pt(111)

Rusponi

Weiss

Cren

et al. 2005

Applied Physics Letters

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We employ variable-temperature spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy in constant current mode to read the magnetic state of monodomain cobalt nanoparticles on Pt 111 . In order to avoid stray fields we use in situ prepared antiferromagnetically Cr coated W tips. The contrast in apparent height between nanoparticles with opposite magnetization is typically z = 0.20± 0.05 Å, but can reach up to 1.1 Å, indicating 80% spin-polarization of the nanoparticles and 850% magnetoresistance of the tip-sample tunnel junction with tip and sample at 300 K and 160 K, respectively. There is no zero-bias anomaly. These results suggest state-selective tunneling which is expected to lead to very high magnetoresistance values.

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Section: Applied Physics Letterssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…[10][11][12] Room-temperature SP-STS has been demonstrated on Fe islands antiferromagnetically exchanged coupled with the Cr 001 substrate. 13 Very few attempts were done to gain information on the processes involved during spin tunneling.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High tunnel magnetoresistance in spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy of Co nanoparticles on Pt(111)

Rusponi

Weiss

Cren

et al. 2005

Applied Physics Letters

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“…In particular, SP-STS measurements on different types of magnetic domains with the same magnetic tip should provide information about the spin characteristics of the electronic states involved in the scattering process. The well-known magnetic structure of 2 ML Fe=W 110 , which is characterized by about 20 -25 nm wide, perpendicularly magnetized domains [11], was found to be unchanged by the oxygen adsorbates. Full dI=dU spectroscopy was performed around a single oxygen atom adsorbed on one particular type of domain (A).…”

Section: P H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T E R Smentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Together with ab initio electronic structure calculations this led to a comprehensive understanding of its electronic and magnetic properties [10,11].…”

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confidence: 99%

Spin-Polarized Electron Scattering at Single Oxygen Adsorbates on a Magnetic Surface

et al. 2004

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Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) on the system of isolated oxygen atoms adsorbed on the double layer of Fe on W(110) shows highly anisotropic spatial oscillations in the local density of states in the vicinity of the adsorbates. We explain this in terms of a single-particle model as electron waves being scattered by the potential induced by the presence of the oxygen atoms. Analysis of the wavelength of the standing electron waves and comparison with ab initio spin-resolved electronic structure calculations reveal that minority-spin bands of d-like symmetry are involved in the scattering process. By applying spin-polarized STS, we observe this standing wave pattern on one particular type of magnetic domain of Fe on W(110) only, thereby proving that the standing electron waves are highly spin polarized. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.046801 PACS numbers: 73.20.-r, 68.37.Ef, 71.15.Mb, 75.70.-i Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) are powerful tools to study the interplay between structural and electronic properties of surfaces and to reveal the orbital symmetry of electronic states. A deeper understanding of magnetic properties, though, requires the use of spin-polarized STM-STS investigations which yield further information about the spin character of the electronic states involved. By making use of the high spatial and energy resolution of STM and STS, modulations of the local electron density of states on the nanometer scale as caused by scattering at impurities or step edges have been studied intensely in recent years. The analysis of electron standing wave patterns [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] allowed the acquisition of characteristic properties as the symmetry of the wave function, the dispersion relation, or the lifetime of the electronic states. All previous experiments were performed with nonmagnetic tips resulting in spin-averaged data, although scattering processes at magnetic impurities or at nonmagnetic impurities on magnetic surfaces should result in spin-polarized (SP) electron waves. These are of fundamental importance for the understanding of single-particle as well as many-body processes, e.g., the RKKY interaction or the interaction between Kondo impurities.A well studied magnetic model system is Fe on W(110) which has been investigated previously by means of spinintegrated and spin-polarized STM-STS measurements. Together with ab initio electronic structure calculations this led to a comprehensive understanding of its electronic and magnetic properties [10,11].In this Letter we report on the observation of spinpolarized spatial variations of the local density of states (LDOS) in the vicinity of single oxygen impurities adsorbed on the ferromagnetic Fe double layer on W(110) by SP-STS. The results are compared to first-principles spin-resolved electronic structure calculations. We show that the observed LDOS oscillations can be assigned to minority-spin bands of d-like character. Spin-polarized STS measurements show that they can be observed on one particular type of m...

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“…Cr coated W tips have also been employed to image stripe domains with a magnetic period of 50Ϯ5 nm in Fe/W͑110͒ epitaxial films. 3 Antiferromagnetic tips do not produce a stray magnetic field, so that there should be no magnetostatic interaction between the tip and sample. 4 In this study, we fabricated tips from antiferromagnetic MnNi and used them to investigate the surface properties of magnetite, Fe 3 O 4 (001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning tunneling microscopy studies of the Fe3O4(001) surface using antiferromagnetic probes

Mariotto

Ceballos

Murphy

et al. 2003

Journal of Applied Physics

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We have studied the ͑001͒ surface of a Fe 3 O 4 single crystal using low-energy electron diffraction ͑LEED͒, Auger electron spectroscopy ͑AES͒ and scanning tunneling microscopy ͑STM͒. The STM measurements were performed using a novel tip of antiferromagnetic MnNi alloy. Atomically resolved STM images provide evidence of a surface terminated at the octahedral plane, with rows of Fe cations running along the ͗110͘ crystallographic axes. Two different kinds of Fe cations with a separation of 6 Å were imaged, while the periodicity between Fe cations of the same kind is about 12 Å. We propose an interpretation of the anomalous corrugation observed in terms of a spin polarized effect, resulting in magnetic contrast between Fe 2ϩ and Fe 3ϩ ions in octahedral coordination.

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Spin-Polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscopy with Antiferromagnetic Probe Tips

Cited by 254 publications

References 22 publications

High tunnel magnetoresistance in spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy of Co nanoparticles on Pt(111)

High tunnel magnetoresistance in spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy of Co nanoparticles on Pt(111)

Spin-Polarized Electron Scattering at Single Oxygen Adsorbates on a Magnetic Surface

Scanning tunneling microscopy studies of the Fe3O4(001) surface using antiferromagnetic probes

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