Spin mechanics

Goennenwein, Sebastian T. B.; Maekawa, Sadamichi; Bauer, G.

doi:10.1016/j.ssc.2014.07.021

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…We are going to ignore the magnetic field produced by this current and consider only the spin current produced by it via the spin-Hall effect. The spin current incident on the FM is given by equation (14) in ref.…”

Section: Fig S7 the Device Schematic Used To Show The Reciprocity Bementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spintronics exploits the spin degree of freedom of an electron for various new functionalities [1]. The coupling of spins to heat currents (spin caloritronics) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] orbital momentum (spin orbitronics) [10][11][12][13] or the mechanical degrees of freedom (spin mechanics) [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] has generated a lot of interest due to the novel physics involved and potential new applications of spin current. This coupling has enabled observation of various new phenomena such as spin Seebeck effect [3][4][5][6], acoustically driven resonance [15][16][17] etc.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Direct observation of the reciprocity between spin current and phonon interconversion

Bhuktare

Shukla

Singh

et al. 2019

Applied Physics Letters

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Spin current has emerged as a leading candidate for manipulation of spins in a nanomagnet. We here experimentally show another utility of spin current viz. it can be used for generation of phonons. Within the same experimental setup, we also demonstrate the inverse effect of generation of spin current by phonons. To demonstrate them, we measured the scattering-matrix of a two-port device with interdigital transducers as one port and array of Ni/Pt lines as second port on piezoelectric substrate. The off-diagonal elements which correspond to transmission between the ports, were found to have 180 o relative phase shift. The transmission of electrical signal from port 2 to 1 corresponds to generation of phonons from spin-current, while transmission from port 1 to 2 corresponds to the inverse effect. These results could be useful for designing spin-current based gyrators.Spintronics exploits the spin degree of freedom of an electron for various new functionalities [1]. The coupling of spins to heat currents (spin caloritronics) [2-9] orbital momentum (spin orbitronics) [10][11][12][13] or the mechanical degrees of freedom (spin mechanics) [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] has generated a lot of interest due to the novel physics involved and potential new applications of spin current. This coupling has enabled observation of various new phenomena such as spin Seebeck effect [3][4][5][6], acoustically driven resonance [15][16][17] etc. Spin seebeck effect refers to the generation of spin current over a macroscopic scale by temperature gradient, whereas in acoustically driven resonance, mechanical motion is used to excite spin dynamics. We here demonstrate that spin current can be used to excite phonons, which can travel macroscopic distances of the order of millimeter. Our experiment utilizes a piezoelectric LiNbO 3 substrate over which we fabricate a periodic array of Ni/Pt lines. We observed that when current is passed through Ni/Pt lines, phonons in the form of surface acoustic waves (SAW) are emitted, which can be detected by using interdigital transducers (IDT). This phonon emission involves many spin based phenomena: i) Conversion of charge current into spin current by spin-Hall effect (SHE) in Pt ii) Excitation of magnons in Ni by spin current via spin-transfer torque (STT) effect iii) emission of phonons by magnons via magneto-elastic coupling. Our setup also allows us to measure the inverse effect i.e. generation of spin current by phonons [19]. The inverse effect proceeds via inverse of the above three steps: i) generation of magnons by phonons via inverse magneto-elastic coupling ii) injection of spin current in Pt via. inverse STT effect or spin pumping iii) Conversion of spin current into charge current by inverse spin-Hall effect (ISHE) in Pt.Our experiments show that the transmission of electrical signal from IDTs to Ni/Pt lines (S 21 ) and transmission from Ni/Pt lines to IDTs (S 12 ) have opposite sign i.e. S 12 =-S 21 i.e. the Corresponding Author* Email: ashwin@ee.iitb.ac.in Author ContributionsTh...

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Section: Fig S7 the Device Schematic Used To Show The Reciprocity Bementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct observation of the reciprocity between spin current and phonon interconversion

Bhuktare

Shukla

Singh

et al. 2019

Applied Physics Letters

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“…However, entire torque created by the Einstein-de Hass effect is limited by total spins in a sample, a situation which has made its application difficult. On the other hand, recently discovered spin-wave current 6–8 can create a continuous flow of angular momentum 9 , which makes it possible to inject unlimited total angular momentum into a matter 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin Seebeck mechanical force

et al. 2019

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Electric current has been used to send electricity to far distant places. On the other hand, spin current, a flow of electron spin, can in principle also send angular momentum to distant places. In a magnet, there is a universal spin carrier called a spin wave, a wave-type excitation of magnetization. Since spin waves exhibit a long propagation length, it should be able to send angular momentum that can generate torque and force at a distant place: a new function of magnets. Here we observe mechanical angular momentum transmission and force generation due to spin waves injected into Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 by the spin-Seebeck effect. The spin-wave current, transmitted through a Y 3 Fe 5 O 12 micro cantilever, was found to create a mechanical force on the cantilever as a non-local reaction of the spin-Seebeck effect. Spin-wave current can be generated remotely even in open circuits, and it can be used to drive micro mechanical devices.

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“…These magnetoelastic interactions between magnons and phonons were studied theoretically first by Akhiezer and Kittel and then verified experimentally by several groups 3 – 5 . The manifestation of these mechanical effects in synthetic multiferroic and other systems at nanoscales and their possible technological applications ranging from energy conversion devices to memory or logic operations have generated renewed interest in the scientific community 6 – 14 . The phenomenon of magnetostriction or its Onsager equivalent, the inverse magnetostriction can be used to control the magnetization by application of strain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gyrator Based on Magneto-elastic Coupling at a Ferromagnetic/Piezoelectric Interface

Bhuktare

Bose

Singh

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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A gyrator is a non-reciprocal two port device with 180° phase shift in the transmissions between two ports. Though electromagnetic realizations of gyrators have been well studied, devices based on other forms of interaction are relatively unexplored. Here we demonstrate a device in which signal is transmitted via magneto-elastic coupling, can function as a gyrator. The device is built on a piezoelectric substrate: one port of this device has interdigital transducers (IDTs) and the other port has a periodic array of nickel/gold lines. When the magnetizations of Ni lines are excited into precession by magnetic field generated by passing oscillating current through the gold lines, they emit phonons in the form of surface acoustic waves (SAW) due to the magneto-elastic coupling between Ni and substrate. The emitted SAW can be detected at the other end by the IDTs. Conversely, when SAW is incident on Ni lines from IDTs, the magnetization undergoes precession and can be inductively detected by Au lines. The broken time reversal symmetry of the system due to the presence of ferromagnet gives rise to the non-reciprocal transmission between the two ports. These devices could function as novel building blocks for phonon based information processing.

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Spin mechanics

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Direct observation of the reciprocity between spin current and phonon interconversion

Direct observation of the reciprocity between spin current and phonon interconversion

Spin Seebeck mechanical force

Gyrator Based on Magneto-elastic Coupling at a Ferromagnetic/Piezoelectric Interface

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