Spin-lock synchronization on the Butterfly and KSR1

Hot spot contention on a network-based sharedmemory architecture occurs when a large number of processors try to access a globally shared variable across the network. While Multistage Interconnection Network WIN) and HierarchicalRing (HR) structures are two important bases on which to build large scale shared-memory multiprocessors, the different interconnection networks and cachdmemory system of the two architectures respond very differently to network bottleneck situations. In this paper, we present a comparative performance evaluation of hot spot effects on the MIN-based and HR-based sharedmemory architectures. Both nonblocking MIN-based and HRbased architectures are classified, and analytical models are described for understanding network differences and for evaluating hot spot performance on both architectures. The analytical comparisons indicate that HR-based architectures have the potential to handle various contentions caused by hot spots more efficiently than MIN-based architectures. Intensive performance measurements on hot spots have been conducted on the BBN TC2000 (MIN-based) and the KSRl (HR-based) machines. Performance experiments were also conducted on the practical experience of hot spots with respect to synchronization lock algorithm. The experimental results are consistent with the analytical models, and present practical observations and an evaluation of hot spots on the two types of architectures.

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Comparative modeling and evaluation of CC-NUMA and COMA on hierarchical ring architectures

Zhang

Yan

1995

IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst.

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Parallel computing performance on scaIable sharedmemory architectures is affected by the structure of the interconnection networks linking processors to memory modules and on the efficiency of the memorykache management systems. Cache Coherence Nonuniform Memory Access (CC-NUMA) and Cache Only Memory Access (COMA) are two effective memory systems, and the hierarchical ring structure is an effkient interconnection network in hardware. This paper focuses on comparative performance modeling and evaluation of CC-NUMA and COMA on a hierarchical ring shared-memory architecture. Analytical dels for the two memory systems for comparative evaluation are presented. Intensive performance measurements on data migrations have been conducted on the KSR-1, a COMA hierarchical ring shared-memory machine. Experimental results support the analytical models, and we present practical observations and compacisons of the two cache coherence memory systems. Our analytical and experimental results show that a COMA system balances the work load well. However the overhead of frequent data movement may match the gains obtained,from improving load balance. We believe our performance results could be further generalized to the two memory systems on a hierarchical network architecture. Although a CC-NUMA system may not automatically balance the load at the system level, it provides an option for a user to explicitly handle data locality for a possible performance improvement.

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Spin-lock synchronization on the Butterfly and KSR1

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Estimating the parallel start-up overhead for parallelizing compilers

Estimating the parallel start-up overhead for parallelizing compilers

Comparative performance evaluation of hot spot contention between MIN-based and ring-based shared-memory architectures

Comparative modeling and evaluation of CC-NUMA and COMA on hierarchical ring architectures

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