Spin Hall switching of the magnetization in Ta/TbFeCo structures with bulk perpendicular anisotropy

Zhao, Zhengyang; Jamali, Mahdi; Smith, Angeline Klemm; Wang, Jian Ping

doi:10.1063/1.4916665

Cited by 97 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Recent SOT studies on collinear ferrimagnets were limited to one or two fixed compositions [28,29]. However, in order to evaluate the effect of exchange interaction on SOTs, a comparative study across different ferrimagnetic compositions is required.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anomalous Current-Induced Spin Torques in Ferrimagnets near Compensation

et al. 2017

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While current-induced spin-orbit torques (SOTs) have been extensively studied in ferromagnets and antiferromagnets, ferrimagnets have been less studied. Here we report the presence of enhanced spin-orbit torques resulting from negative exchange interaction in ferrimagnets. The effective field and switching efficiency increase substantially as CoGd approaches its compensation point, giving rise to 9 times larger spin-orbit torques compared to that of noncompensated one. The macrospin modelling results also support efficient spin-orbit torques in a ferrimagnet. Our results suggest that ferrimagnets near compensation can be a new route for spinorbit torque applications due to their high thermal stability and easy current-induced switching assisted by negative exchange interaction. * eleyang@nus.edu.sg

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Anomalous Current-Induced Spin Torques in Ferrimagnets near Compensation

et al. 2017

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“…Since these materials consist of two magnetic sublattices whose magnetic moments possess different orbital character, their dynamics and interactions with spin currents are especially rich. Recently, SOTs in ferrimagnet/heavy-metal bilayer films have been investigated, and the transport mechanisms were discussed [31][32][33]43,44]. Finley and Liu reported a maximum in the dampinglike SOT efficiency at the smallest net magnetization in Ta/Tb x Co 1−x bilayer films grown with * kubond@mit.edu † gbeach@mit.edu a series of different compositions [32] measured at room temperature.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Unlike ferromagnetic systems with interfacial PMA, ferrimagnetic films based on rare-earth (RE)-transition-metal (TM) alloys possess strong bulk PMA [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] as well as a low net magnetization. Moreover, the net magnetization can be tuned by the composition and temperature [32,[34][35][36]38], making these materials of great interest for examining phenomena such as ultrafast optical switching [35][36][37][38], currentinduced switching [39], and domain wall motion [31,[40][41][42], which rely on maximizing the torque exerted on the net magnetization.…”

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confidence: 99%

Temperature dependence of spin-orbit torques across the magnetic compensation point in a ferrimagnetic TbCo alloy film

et al. 2017

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The temperature dependence of spin-orbit torques (SOTs) and spin-dependent transport parameters is measured in bilayer Ta/TbCo ferrimagnetic alloy films with bulk perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. We find that the dampinglike (DL)-SOT effective field diverges as temperature is swept through the magnetic compensation temperature (T M ), where the net magnetization vanishes due to the opposing contributions from the Tb and Co sublattices. We show that DL-SOT scales with the inverse of the saturation magnetization (M s ), whereas the spin-torque efficiency is independent of the temperature-dependent M s . Our findings provide insight into spin transport mechanisms in ferrimagnets and highlight low-M s rare-earth/transition-metal alloys as promising candidates for SOT device applications. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.96.064410 In the last five years, ferromagnetic films in contact with heavy metals with strong spin-orbit coupling have attracted interest for their potential utility in nonvolatile random access memory elements. In these systems, current-induced spin-orbit torques (SOTs) [1,2] on the magnetization can be induced by the Rashba-Edelstein effect at the interface [3,4] and by spin currents injected from the heavy metal due to the spin Hall effect [2,. SOTs with both a fieldlike and dampinglike character can manifest in such systems, with the latter capable of driving magnetization switching [1][2][3][4][5]7,9,[11][12][13]15,21,22,24] and magnetic domain wall motion [26][27][28][29][30][31]. SOTs have been identified and quantified by a variety of techniques including spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance [2,7,14,17,19,25], quasistatic magnetization tilting probed through harmonic voltage measurements [6,[8][9][10][11][12][13]17,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]28,31], and current-induced hysteresis loop shift measurements [18,32,33]. Most studies of SOTs have focused on ultrathin metallic ferromagnet/heavy-metal bilayers with interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) [1][2][3][5][6][7][8][9][11][12][13][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26].Unlike ferromagnetic systems with interfacial PMA, ferrimagnetic films based on rare-earth (RE)-transition-metal (TM) alloys possess strong bulk PMA [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] as well as a low net magnetization. Moreover, the net magnetization can be tuned by the composition and temperature [32,[34][35][36]38], making these materials of great interest for examining phenomena such as ultrafast optical switching [35][36][37][38], currentinduced switching [39], and domain wall motion [31,[40][41][42], which rely on maximizing the torque exerted on the net magnetization. Since these materials consist of two magnetic sublattices whose magnetic moments possess different orbital character, their dynamics and interactions with spin currents are especially rich. Recently, SOTs in ferrimagnet/heavy-metal bilayer films have been investigated, and the transport mechanisms were discussed [31][32][33]43,44]. Finley and Liu reported a maximu...

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“…Gate-based devices with TIs can be the future for spin manipulation with electric field. These devices can open up gate ways for all spin [14].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 2 shows a typical bilayer structure, taken from Zhao et al [14]. Here, Ta plays the role of spin Hall material.…”

Section: Spin-orbit Coupling Based Materials For Magnetization Switchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin-Orbit Coupling Based Materials for Magnetization Switching

Sahu¹

2017

PAIJ

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In this article we review the potential of high spin-orbit coupling materials and their corresponding applications in spintronics. We look at an experimental result that demonstrated switching of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy by virtue of spin current generated from spin Hall material. This remains one of the most effective ways to generate high spin current density from charge current. Spin diffusion length at the interfaces remains a challenge, but surface engineering can produce very good quality bilayer structure that ensures spin penetration to the magnetic layer.

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Spin Hall switching of the magnetization in Ta/TbFeCo structures with bulk perpendicular anisotropy

Cited by 97 publications

References 39 publications

Anomalous Current-Induced Spin Torques in Ferrimagnets near Compensation

Anomalous Current-Induced Spin Torques in Ferrimagnets near Compensation

Temperature dependence of spin-orbit torques across the magnetic compensation point in a ferrimagnetic TbCo alloy film

Spin-Orbit Coupling Based Materials for Magnetization Switching

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