We conducted the first 17 O NMR in the S 1͞2 Cu 2 O 3 two-leg spin ladder, and probed the low energy spin excitations of various momentum transfers up to 850 K. These measurements clearly demonstrate the crossover from the spin gap to the paramagnetic regime. In the hole-doped ladders, the crossover is accompanied by changes in electric field gradient tensors and charge transport properties, suggesting interplay between spin and charge degrees of freedom. [S0031-9007(98)06462-X] 74.25.Dw, 74.72.Jt Strong quantum fluctuations of S 1͞2 Heisenberg antiferromagnets in one and two dimensions have been a focus of intensive research over the past decade. More recently, Azuma et al. reported an experimental realization of the S 1͞2 two-leg spin ladder in the Cu 2 O 3 plane of SrCu 2 O 3 [1]. In the two-leg ladder, two spin chains with intrachain antiferromagnetic exchange interaction J k ϳ 1500 K [2,3] are coupled by interchain antiferromagnetic exchange interaction J Ќ ͑&J k ͒ along rungs, as shown in Fig. 1(a). The ground state is a many-body singlet state [4]. The excited states are triplet magnons on q y 0 or q y p branches, and the excitation spectrum is gapped. The minimum of the energy gap D ͑ϳ0.5J Ќ ͒ is called the spin gap, and is located at the staggered wave vector q ͑p, p͒ [4]. The recent discovery of superconductivity at 12 K under high pressure [5] in hole-doped A 14 Cu 24 O 41 ͑A La, Y, Sr, Ca͒, which has both a Cu 2 O 3 ladder and CuO 2 chain layers, enhanced the interest in spin and charge excitations in the Cu 2 O 3 ladder.In the past few years, several groups reported 63 Cu NMR measurements in the Cu 2 O 3 ladder of SrCu 2 O 3 [6] and A 14 Cu 24 O 41 [7-11]. Since the spin gap D in these systems is as large as *300 K, these earlier experiments probed mostly the physical properties in the low temperature limit. By fitting NMR properties to the activation law,~exp͑2D͞k B T ͒, they tried to gain insight into the spin gap. Unfortunately, the coexistence of various charge and magnetic orders below 300 K makes even the estimation of the magnitude of the minimum of the gap D difficult, resulting in contradictory reports [6][7][8][9][10][11].In this Letter, we report the first 17 O NMR as well as 63 Cu NMR in the undoped and hole-doped Cu 2 O 3 plane of A 14 Cu 24 O 41 not only in the gapped low temperature regime but also in the high temperature paramagnetic regime, and demonstrate the crossover between the two. The comparison of 17 O and 63 Cu NMR results provides wave-vector-dependent experimental information regarding the evolution of spin excitations as functions of both temperature and hole doping. We also demonstrate that the crossover of spin excitations between the spin gap and the paramagnetic regime in the hole-doped ladder is accompanied by changes in charge properties. Moreover, from the measurement of spin polarization in oxygenligand orbitals, we deduce the ratio J Ќ ͞J k . FIG. 1. (a) Structure of two-leg ladder. Open and closed circles represent Cu and O atoms, respectively. Two segments o...