Spin Caloritronics in 3D Interconnected Nanowire Networks

Gomes, Tristan da Câmara Santa Clara; Marchal, Nicolas; Araujo, Flavio Abreu; Piraux, Luc

doi:10.3390/nano10112092

Cited by 20 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(169 reference statements)

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“…Recent developments in the synthesis of three-dimensional (3D) networks made of interconnected nanowires (NWs) and nanotubes (NTs) offer new perspectives for various nanodevices and nano-electronics [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ] for applications such as energy harvesting and storage systems [ 3 , 6 , 9 ], sensing devices and actuators [ 4 , 7 ], catalysts [ 1 ], electrochromic elements [ 10 ], solar cells [ 11 ], biosensors and bio-analytical devices [ 12 , 13 ], and spin caloritronics devices [ 14 , 15 ]. Their unique architecture offers advantageous mechanical and geometrical properties such as a good mechanical stability of the self-standing nanostructures, high surface over volume ratio, and lightness to the network films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magneto-Transport in Flexible 3D Networks Made of Interconnected Magnetic Nanowires and Nanotubes

et al. 2021

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Electrochemical deposition of interconnected nanowires and nanotubes made of ferromagnetic metals into track-etched polycarbonate templates with crossed nanochannels has been revealed suitable for the fabrication of mechanically stable three-dimensional magnetic nanostructures with large surface area. These 3D networks embedded into flexible polymer membranes are also planar and lightweight. This fabrication technique allows for the control of the geometric characteristics and material composition of interconnected magnetic nanowire or nanotube networks, which can be used to fine-tune their magnetic and magneto-transport properties. The magnetostatic contribution to the magnetic anisotropy of crossed nanowire networks can be easily controlled using the diameter, packing density, or angle distribution characteristics. Furthermore, the fabrication of Co and Co-rich NiCo alloy crossed nanowires with textured hcp phases leads to an additional significant magnetocrystalline contribution to the magnetic anisotropy that can either compete or add to the magnetostatic contribution. The fabrication of an interconnected nanotube network has also been demonstrated, where the hollow core and the control over the tube wall thickness add another degree of freedom to control the magnetic properties and magnetization reversal mechanisms. Finally, three-dimensional networks made of interconnected multilayered nanowire with a succession of ferromagnetic and non-magnetic layers have been successfully fabricated, leading to giant magnetoresistance responses measured in the current-perpendicular-to-plane configuration. These interconnected nanowire networks have high potential as integrated, reliable, and stable magnetic field sensors; magnetic devices for memory and logic operations; or neuromorphic computing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magneto-Transport in Flexible 3D Networks Made of Interconnected Magnetic Nanowires and Nanotubes

et al. 2021

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“…Their robust and self-standing structure with a high degree of NW interconnectivity and high surface over volume ratio makes them attractive nano-device components for a large range of applications. For instance, they have potentials in energy harvesting and storage systems [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], biosensors and bio-analytical devices [ 9 , 10 , 11 ], magnetic and spintronic devices [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], and thermoelectric and spin caloritronic devices [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Direct electrodeposition into polymer template films containing networks of crossed nano-channels has proved to be a suitable technique to grow a wide variety of 3D NW networks with controllable morphologies, geometrical parameters, and sizes [ 1 , 2 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the polymer-NWs composite is flexible and lightweight, which are important advantages of this structure [ 15 , 16 ]. The composite film can be twisted or can have a different shape without damaging the high electrical and thermal interconnectivity in the large amount crossing points of the macroscopic structure [ 14 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The successful fabrication of 3D networks made of interconnected multilayered NWs, in which successive layers of ferromagnetic metal (FM) and non-magnetic metal (NM) are stacked along the NW axis, has revealed the possibility to obtain giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effects measured in the current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) configuration that are easily measurable along the macroscopic in-plane dimensions of the network films [ 15 , 16 , 19 , 20 ]. Furthermore, the configuration has also been proven to be suitable for easy and reliable measurement of giant magneto-thermoelectric effects analogue to the CPP-GMR, showing the possibility of large magnetic control of efficient and macroscopic thermoelectric devices made of lightweight interconnected NW networks integrated into flexible polymer films [ 15 , 16 , 18 , 20 ]. As a result, 3D NW networks offer a unique perspective in the emerging field of spin caloritronics, and a real alternative to magnetic nanostructures whose low power output capability limits their applications [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous works on Co/Cu and CoNi/Cu systems show that the magnitude of the magneto-thermoelectric effect does not differ much from the GMR signal [ 15 , 16 ]. However, there is a strong interest in allowing enhanced control of thermoelectric properties using a magnetic field in such flexible 3D NW network films [ 15 , 16 , 18 ]. In a recent study on Ni and NiFe nanowires, a strong increase of the magneto-thermoelectric effect compared to the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect is demonstrated for pure Ni [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Giant Magnetoresistance and Magneto-Thermopower in 3D Interconnected NixFe1−x/Cu Multilayered Nanowire Networks

et al. 2021

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The versatility of the template-assisted electrodeposition technique to fabricate complex three-dimensional networks made of interconnected nanowires allows one to easily stack ferromagnetic and non-magnetic metallic layers along the nanowire axis. This leads to the fabrication of unique multilayered nanowire network films showing giant magnetoresistance effect in the current-perpendicular-to-plane configuration that can be reliably measured along the macroscopic in-plane direction of the films. Moreover, the system also enables reliable measurements of the analogous magneto-thermoelectric properties of the multilayered nanowire networks. Here, three-dimensional interconnected NixFe1−x/Cu multilayered nanowire networks (with 0.60≤x≤0.97) are fabricated and characterized, leading to large magnetoresistance and magneto-thermopower ratios up to 17% and −25% in Ni80Fe20/Cu, respectively. A strong contrast is observed between the amplitudes of magnetoresistance and magneto-thermoelectric effects depending on the Ni content of the NiFe alloys. In particular, for the highest Ni concentrations, a strong increase in the magneto-thermoelectric effect is observed, more than a factor of 7 larger than the magnetoresistive effect for Ni97Fe3/Cu multilayers. This sharp increase is mainly due to an increase in the spin-dependent Seebeck coefficient from −7 V/K for the Ni60Fe40/Cu and Ni70Fe30/Cu nanowire arrays to −21 V/K for the Ni97Fe3/Cu nanowire array. The enhancement of the magneto-thermoelectric effect for multilayered nanowire networks based on dilute Ni alloys is promising for obtaining a flexible magnetic switch for thermoelectric generation for potential applications in heat management or logic devices using thermal energy.

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Magnetically Activated Flexible Thermoelectric Switches Based on Interconnected Nanowire Networks

Gomes

Marchal

Araujo

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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The use of the spin degree of freedom in thermoelectric conversion offers new functionalities for electronic devices powered by waste heat and a promising solution for sustainable technologies. Here, thermocouples formed from two dissimilar arrays of interconnected magnetic nanowires embedded in a polymer film are used to realize flexible thermoelectric switches providing optimal magnetic‐field‐induced control of the sign and magnitude of the thermopower. By finetuning the composition of the homogeneous and multilayered nanowires forming the thermocouple legs, an ideal on/off ratio in the switching of the thermoelectric output voltage, or a simple sign reversal can be achieved in the presence of a magnetic field. This work paves the way for flexible spin‐caloritronics devices exploiting residual thermal energy for the development of thermally activated sensors and logic devices.

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Spin Caloritronics in 3D Interconnected Nanowire Networks

Cited by 20 publications

References 68 publications

Magneto-Transport in Flexible 3D Networks Made of Interconnected Magnetic Nanowires and Nanotubes

Magneto-Transport in Flexible 3D Networks Made of Interconnected Magnetic Nanowires and Nanotubes

Giant Magnetoresistance and Magneto-Thermopower in 3D Interconnected NixFe1−x/Cu Multilayered Nanowire Networks

Magnetically Activated Flexible Thermoelectric Switches Based on Interconnected Nanowire Networks

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