Spillover of a hepatitis A outbreak among men who have sex with men (MSM) to the general population, the Netherlands, 2017

Friesema, Ingrid; Sonder, Gerard J.B.; Petrignani, Mariska; Meiberg, Annemarie E; Rijckevorsel, Gini Gc van; Ruijs, Wilhelmina L.M.; Vennema, Harry

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.23.1800265

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Although the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare recommends the vaccination only for travelers visiting endemic areas of HAV infection at present, it has a limitation to prevent new HAV infection. Spill‐over of HAV infection from a high‐risk group to the general population has been reported in the Netherlands . Indeed, we encountered two non‐MSM patients (cases 4 and 5) with acute hepatitis A infected with the EuroPride strain following the HAV infection in three MSM (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Full‐genome characterization of the RIVM‐HAV16‐090‐like hepatitis A virus strains recovered from Japanese men who have sex with men, with sporadic acute hepatitis A

Watanabe

Morimoto

Miura

et al. 2019

Hepatology Research

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Aim The major transmission mode of hepatitis A virus (HAV) in Japan is the fecal–oral route by contaminated foods. In contrast, HAV infection is well documented as a sexually transmitted disease in Europe and North America. The present study was undertaken to determine the full‐genome sequence of HAV and trace the transmission route of HAV in Japanese men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods In 2018, we encountered three Japanese MSM with acute hepatitis A co‐infected with HIV for 4–12 years. Serum samples obtained from these patients were used for HAV full‐genome analyses. Results Isolated HAV strains were segregated into subgenotype IA. The three HAV strains shared 100% identity within the 481‐nucleotide partial sequence. The entire nucleotide sequence showed that the three strains were 99.97% similar to each other with only two nucleotide substitutions. At the amino acid level, the three strains differed from each other by only one or two amino acids. All three strains obtained in the present study were >99.6% identical to the 66 reported strains isolated from Taiwan and European countries during 2015–2017. In addition, these 66 strains include the RIVM‐HAV16‐090 (EuroPride) strain, which has been involved in HAV outbreaks among MSM worldwide. Conclusions We determined for the first time the full‐genome sequence of HAV isolated from Japanese MSM with acute hepatitis A and found that the strains were identical to those from MSM worldwide. Thus, these HAV strains were imported to Japan from foreign countries through MSM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Full‐genome characterization of the RIVM‐HAV16‐090‐like hepatitis A virus strains recovered from Japanese men who have sex with men, with sporadic acute hepatitis A

Watanabe

Morimoto

Miura

et al. 2019

Hepatology Research

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“…The high numbers of clicks on each new message certified that information on the campaign was widely diffused, though it is not possible to assess the proportions of vaccinees among viewers of these messages. As also attested by the 7 new cases of HIV infection diagnosed during this outbreak, gay-dating apps should obviously be used more routinely to promote STIs screening [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A description of a hepatitis A outbreak in men who have sex with men and public health measures implemented in Seine-Maritime department, Normandy, France, 2017

et al. 2020

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Background In 2016–2017, a European-wide circulation of genotype IA hepatitis A virus was responsible for hepatitis A outbreaks in men who have sex with men (MSM). This study aimed to describe the outbreak investigation in Seine-Maritime department (France) and the control measures implemented accordingly. Methods Outbreak description used data from mandatory reporting and enhanced surveillance of male cases. Confirmed case was genotype IA isolated, possible cases had no reported genotype information. Targeted control measures included communication on sexual practices at risk of hepatitis A transmission and two vaccination campaigns in April 2017 and January 2018. Characteristics of cases and vaccinees were described. We reported the best communication channel for relaying outbreak information and control measures based on the monitoring of social network activities and feedback from vaccinees. Results During the outbreak period (December 2016 to December 2017), a total of 48 confirmed outbreak cases and 30 possible outbreak cases were notified. Among them, 69 were male (88%). Two epidemic waves were observed. Cases encountered their partners through gay-dating apps (54%) and in one specific sauna (62%). In response to the outbreak, two vaccination campaigns were deployed. A total of 156 MSM were vaccinated, of whom 56 in a truck parked beside the sauna. Most of the vaccinees had been informed about the campaign through dating apps (44%). Community-based organizations involved in sexual health promotion and other gay social media were very proactive in sharing information about the outbreak and promoting the vaccination campaign through their social media account and also on site (gay venues). Vaccinees reported the same sexual practices at risk of hepatitis A transmission as cases. Conclusions In response to this massive hepatitis A outbreak that affected mostly MSM in Seine-Maritime department, vaccination campaign remained the cornerstone of prevention. Prevention officers from the community-based organization played a key role in vaccination promotion. Gay-dating apps and outdoor sessions of vaccination allowed to effectively reach MSM. Cost-effectiveness studies might analyze the interest of a continuous sexual health promotion including vaccination against hepatitis A in MSM through dating apps and social networks.

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“…Another issue is that hepatitis A outbreaks are frequently reported among some special groups including persons experiencing homelessness and MSMs in developed countries. [112][113][114][115][116][117][118] Hepatitis A vaccination has been approved to be effective in controlling these outbreaks.…”

Section: Epidemiological Shift After Hepatitis a Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis A vaccination

Zhang

2020

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Hepatitis A is an important public health issue worldwide. Hepatitis A vaccine (HepA) was first licensed in 1992. Both inactivated HepA (HepA-I) and live attenuated HepA (HepA-L) are highly immunogenic and well tolerated, and immune protection postvaccination can persist for at least 20 y. HepA is effective for both preexposure and postexposure prophylaxis, especially among children and young adults. The strategy of HepA vaccination varies in different countries and mainly includes vaccination among highrisk populations, regional childhood vaccination and universal childhood vaccination. The incidence of hepatitis A has decreased greatly in many countries in the last 30 y, but hepatitis A outbreaks frequently occur among high-risk populations and those who have not been covered by universal child vaccination programs in recent years. Disease surveillance and serosurveys are suggested to clarify the shift in the epidemiology of hepatitis A. The long-term persistence of immune protection after one dose of HepA should be further studied, as well as the cost-effective evaluation of different strategies of HepA vaccination. Based on this evidence, the recommendation on HepA vaccination should be put forward scientifically and updated in a timely and well-implemented manner.

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Spillover of a hepatitis A outbreak among men who have sex with men (MSM) to the general population, the Netherlands, 2017

Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

Full‐genome characterization of the RIVM‐HAV16‐090‐like hepatitis A virus strains recovered from Japanese men who have sex with men, with sporadic acute hepatitis A

Full‐genome characterization of the RIVM‐HAV16‐090‐like hepatitis A virus strains recovered from Japanese men who have sex with men, with sporadic acute hepatitis A

A description of a hepatitis A outbreak in men who have sex with men and public health measures implemented in Seine-Maritime department, Normandy, France, 2017

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