Spider mechanoreceptors

Barth, Friedrich G.

doi:10.1016/j.conb.2004.07.005

Cited by 146 publications

(133 citation statements)

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“…Many of these hairs are mechanoreceptors, some of which are chemosensory (3,7). In several groups, such as crustaceans, arachnids, and insects, many of these mechanoreceptors serve as fluid flow sensors.…”

Section: Diversity Of Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In orthopterid insects, the location of flow-sensing hairs is mainly at the rear end of the abdomen (specifically on the cerci), thereby providing useful flow information about predators approaching from behind. In spiders and crayfish, they are mainly found on the front (forelegs and antennules) and posterior (hindlegs and tailfan) appendages of the body, serving as detectors of both prey and predators (3,74). In marine copepods, they are located on the antennules, allowing these animals to scan the environment at a distance from their bodies (27).…”

Section: Diversity Of Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical Ecology of Fluid Flow Sensing in Arthropods

Casas

Dangles

2010

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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Terrestrial and aquatic arthropods sense fluid flow in many behavioral and ecological contexts, using dedicated, highly sensitive mechanosensory hairs, which are often abundant. Strong similarities exist in the biomechanics of flow sensors and in the sensory ecology of insects, arachnids, and crustaceans in their respective fluid environments. We extend these considerations to flow in sand and its implications for flow sensing by arthropods inhabiting this granular medium. Finally, we highlight the need to merge the various findings of studies that have focused on different arthropods in different fluids. This could be achieved using the unique combination, for sensory ecology, of both a workable and well-accepted mathematical model for hair-based flow sensing, both in air and water, and microelectronic mechanical systems microtechnology to tinker with physical models.

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Section: Diversity Of Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diversity Of Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Ecology of Fluid Flow Sensing in Arthropods

Casas

Dangles

2010

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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“…The particle velocity component of a sound wave, quantified by the magnitude and direction of the harmonic oscillations of the particles within a fluid, is detected by many organisms through the displacement of arrays of flagellar receivers, for example, the trichobothria on spiders (Barth, 2004) and cilia on cricket cerci (Shimozawa et al, 2003), or indeed bilateral flagellar ears as found in mosquitoes (Clements, 1999) and fruit flies such as Drosophila (Ewing, 1978;Manning, 1967). Drosophila melanogaster use bilateral antisymmetric antennae to receive the particle velocity component of an acoustic stimulus (Ewing, 1978;Göpfert and Robert, 2001;Göpfert and Robert, 2002;Manning, 1967).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directional cues inDrosophila melanogasteraudition: structure of acoustic flow and inter-antennal velocity differences

Morley

Steinmann

Casas

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYDrosophila melanogaster have bilateral antisymmetric antennae that receive the particle velocity component of an acoustic stimulus. Acoustic communication is important in their courtship, which takes place in the acoustic near-field. Here, the small size of the dipole sound source (the male wing) and the rapid attenuation rate of particle velocity produce a spatially divergent sound field with highly variable magnitude. Also, male and female D. melanogaster are not usually stationary during courtship, resulting in a variable directionality of the acoustic stimulus. Using both particle image velocimetry and laser Doppler vibrometry, we examined the stimulus flow around the head of D. melanogaster to identify the actual geometry of the acoustic input to the antennae and its directional response. We reveal that the stimulus changes in both magnitude and direction as a function of its angle of incidence. Remarkably, directionality is substantial, with inter-antennal velocity differences of 25dB at 140Hz. For an organism whose auditory receivers are separated by only 660±51m (mean ± s.d.), this inter-antennal velocity difference is far greater than differences in intensity observed between tympanal ears for organisms of similar scale. Further, the mechanical sensitivity of the antennae changes as a function of the angle of incidence of the acoustic stimulus, with peak responses along axes at 45 and 315deg relative to the longitudinal body axis. This work indicates not only that the flies are able to detect differential cues in signal direction, but also that the male song structure may not be the sole determinant of mating success; his spatial positioning is also crucial to female sound reception and therefore also perhaps to her decision making.

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“…We suggest that two geometric features of vibrissae grant them the multimodal capacity evolutionarily denied to arthropod hairs: (1) vibrissae are much longer than arthropod hairs; and (2) each vibrissa is held tightly at its base (Bagdasarian et al, 2013), whereas arthropod flow-sensing hairs are held loosely by a socket (Barth, 2004).…”

Section: The Mechanics Of Airflow Versus Touchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical responses of rat vibrissae to airflow

Graff

Hartmann

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The survival of many animals depends in part on their ability to sense the flow of the surrounding fluid medium. To date, however, little is known about how terrestrial mammals sense airflow direction or speed. The present work analyzes the mechanical response of isolated rat macrovibrissae (whiskers) to airflow to assess their viability as flow sensors. Results show that the whisker bends primarily in the direction of airflow and vibrates around a new average position at frequencies related to its resonant modes. The bending direction is not affected by airflow speed or by geometric properties of the whisker. In contrast, the bending magnitude increases strongly with airflow speed and with the ratio of the whisker's arc length to base diameter. To a much smaller degree, the bending magnitude also varies with the orientation of the whisker's intrinsic curvature relative to the direction of airflow. These results are used to predict the mechanical responses of vibrissae to airflow across the entire array, and to show that the rat could actively adjust the airflow data that the vibrissae acquire by changing the orientation of its whiskers. We suggest that, like the whiskers of pinnipeds, the macrovibrissae of terrestrial mammals are multimodal sensors -able to sense both airflow and touch -and that they may play a particularly important role in anemotaxis.

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Spider mechanoreceptors

Cited by 146 publications

References 0 publications

Physical Ecology of Fluid Flow Sensing in Arthropods

Physical Ecology of Fluid Flow Sensing in Arthropods

Directional cues inDrosophila melanogasteraudition: structure of acoustic flow and inter-antennal velocity differences

Mechanical responses of rat vibrissae to airflow

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