Spice Use among Adolescents in the United States: A National Profile of Synthetic Cannabinoid Users

Lowe, C. Cory; Stogner, John M.; Miller, Bryan Lee

doi:10.1080/1067828x.2021.1873880

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…As noted in other research, LGBTQ+ youth are not just at much higher risks of victimization (Felix et al, 2015;Flores et al, 2020), but also at greater risk for using substances (Bränström & Pachankis, 2018;Lowe et al, 2020;Schuler & Collins, 2019;. In addition to furthering the development and utility of the SSSL model, this study's finding that social learning constructs mediates the relationship between sexual orientation and substance use has several important policy implications.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Substance Use: Using the Social Structure-Social Learning Model to Explore Drug Use in the LGBTQ+ Community

Stogner

Rukus

Webber

et al. 2022

Crime & Delinquency

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Members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and other gender and sexual minority (LGBTQ+) community are disproportionately affected by illicit substance use, yet sexual orientation and gender identity are largely omitted from criminology frameworks. LGBTQ+ identity is incorporated into Akers’ Social Structure-Social Learning (SSSL) model to suggest that existing disparate substance use patterns may be attributed to variation in substance-related definitions, peer models, and reinforcement. Data from 2,349 young adults were used to estimate structural equations models. LGBTQ+ respondents reported greater substance use than peers. Consistent with theoretical expectations, this relationship was fully mediated by social learning constructs. This study justifies incorporating sexual orientation and gender identity into the SSSL model and suggests peer-based substance use interventions are particularly influential within the LGBTQ+ community.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Substance Use: Using the Social Structure-Social Learning Model to Explore Drug Use in the LGBTQ+ Community

Stogner

Rukus

Webber

et al. 2022

Crime & Delinquency

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“…Our study also suggests that any SC use and suicidal thoughts, planning, and attempts are strongly related within the lesbian, gay, and bisexual population, even after controlling for self-reported depressive symptoms. As SC use is significantly more prevalent among those who identify as gender and/or sexual minorities as compared with cisgender heterosexuals (Lowe et al, 2021; Rukus et al., 2017), the finding that this population is at enhanced risk for suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts is particularly concerning. Repeated/habitual SC use was predictive of suicidal plans and attempts, but not ideation for heterosexuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicidal Ideation, Planning, and Attempts Among Synthetic Cannabinoid Users Across Different Demographic Subgroups

Stogner

Patterson

2022

Crisis

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Abstract. Background: Case studies have linked synthetic cannabinoid (SC) use to suicide risk both during and following acute psychoactive effects. No study has explored whether a meaningful relationship exists between SC use and suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts within a generalizable sample. Aims: This work attempted to determine whether SC use is significantly associated with suicidal thoughts, planning, or attempts and whether the association between SC use and suicide may be stronger in certain demographic groups. Method: Cross-sectional self-report data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System were utilized. Logistic regression models were explored within a sample of 29,384 adolescents. Results: A clear connection emerged between SC use and suicidal thoughts and attempts. SC use and suicide risk were strongly related within the lesbian, gay, and bisexual and African Americans populations, even after controlling for depressive symptoms. Limitations: The study was cross-sectional and respondents may have underreported substance use or suicidal thoughts. Conclusion: Whether SC use has an impact on suicidal ideation directly, indirectly, or if it is simply a co-occurring phenomenon, it may serve as a flag of enhanced risk. Physicians must remain cognizant of the SC–suicide risk connection, particularly among African American and/or lesbian, gay, or bisexual patients.

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“…With the rise in hospital admissions and deaths due to these drugs, they have become a public health concern globally. [6,7] After the discovery of Δ9-THC in 1960's, many analogues were synthesized for experimental purposes attributed to its therapeutic benefits and to enhance the understanding of cannabinoid receptor pharmacology [8,9] . CP 55, 940 was discovered by Charles Pfizer in the mid 1970's as potential analgesics, HU-210, discovered by a group led by Raphael Mechoulam at the Hebrew University in the 1980's.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Synthetic Cannabinoids as Drugs of Abuse

Nupur Joshi,

Mahipal Singh Sankhla

2021

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

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Cannabis has been the most commonly used drug throughout the world for centuries. The psychoactive properties of cannabis are largely attributed to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol or THC, the active psychoactive ingredient in the cannabis plant. Lately, new psychoactive substances (NPS) have appeared that are mostly ruled by cathinone's and synthetic cannabinoids (SCs). SC's have emerged as drugs of abuse because of their ability to mimic the euphoric effects of THC. Sprayed on natural herb mixtures, they were initially sold as 'herbal incense' or 'herbal smoking blends' as substitutes for cannabis. These synthetic drugs became popular as 'legal highs' under brand names such as Spice, K2, Mojo and many others in the early 2000's. SC's stimulate the same CB1 and CB2 receptors as THC but they are linked to higher toxicity in terms of duration and severity than cannabis. This is because SC's act as direct agonist of cannabinoid receptors, whereas THC being a partial agonist. Reports suggest that SC's are associated with a range of undesired pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal effects. Long term SC use is also linked to severe cognitive deficits. With the global rise in use of SC products, it is important to develop and validate the screening procedures and investigate the toxicological and pharmacological aspects and risk factors associated with its use and abuse.

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Spice Use among Adolescents in the United States: A National Profile of Synthetic Cannabinoid Users

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Substance Use: Using the Social Structure-Social Learning Model to Explore Drug Use in the LGBTQ+ Community

Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Substance Use: Using the Social Structure-Social Learning Model to Explore Drug Use in the LGBTQ+ Community

Suicidal Ideation, Planning, and Attempts Among Synthetic Cannabinoid Users Across Different Demographic Subgroups

Emergence of Synthetic Cannabinoids as Drugs of Abuse

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