Spice Oils for the Control of Co-Occurring Mycotoxin-Producing Fungi

Abstract

The effect of nine different oils was evaluated on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and Fusarium moniliforme. The experimental design to examine the inhibition of mycotoxins involved the incorporation of each of seven oils into broth and patty cultures. The fungal mycotoxin was identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Clove oil (eugenol) was the most inhibitory to the growth of A. parasiticus and F. moniliforme, followed by cinnamon (cinnamic aldehyde), oregano (thymol and carvacol) and mace oils (myristin). Neem and eucalyptus oil (cineole) did not affect fungal growth. The feasibility of implementing the results of this study to control mycotoxin toxicity was examined by costoring whole and ground cloves with mycotoxin-infected grain. Addition of both whole and ground cloves markedly reduced the aflatoxin contamination of the grain. These results clearly suggest that commonly occurring mycotoxigenic fungi can be controlled with clove oil (eugenol), thus spice oil successfully inhibited the growth of A. parasiticus and F. moniliforme, regulated the production of fumonisins. and prevented the formation of aflatoxins. The social implication of this finding is that rural communities can prevent the formation of fungal toxins in contaminated grain by simple measures.

Control of Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins with Phytochemicals: Potentials and Challenges

“…Fadohan et al (2004) showed that O. basilicum essential oil of Benin possess significant inhibitory effect on growth of F. verticillioides and FB1 production in corn. Juglal et al (2002) reported spice oils of eugenol, cinnamon, oregano, mace, nutmeg, tumeric and aniseed displayed antifungal activity against F. moniliforme and 78% reductions in fumonisin B1 (FB1) formation by this fungus, when treated with 2 μL mL -1 clove oil.…”

“…On rice treated at 2.4 mg eugenol/g of grains, the inoculum of A. flavus failed to grow and thus AFB1 biosynthesis on rice was prevented Jham et al, 2005;Faria et al, 2006) reported antifungal activity of cinnamon bark oil against A. flavus. Juglal et al (2002) studied the effectiveness of nine essential oils in controlling the growth of mycotoxin-producing mouslds and noted that clove, cinnamon and oregano were able to prevent the growth of A. parasiticus while clove (ground and essential oil) markedly reduced the aflatoxin synthesis in infected grains.. More recently, Kumar et al (2010) studied the efficacy of O. sanctum essential oil (EO) and its major component, eugenol against the fungi causing biodeterioration of food stuffs during storage. O. sanctum and eugenol were found efficacious in checking growth of A. flavus and also inhibited the AFB1 production completely at 0.2 and 0.1 μg mL -1 , respectively.…”

“…The use of plant derivatives for fungal control is common in developing countries before the advent of synthetic fungicides and due to relatively cost implication of imported fungicides (Galvano et al, 2001). Over the years, efforts have been devoted to the search for new antifungal materials from natural sources for food preservation (Juglal et al, 2002;Onyeagba et al, 2004;Boyraz and Ozcan, 2005). Several edible botanical extracts have been reported to have antifungal activity (Ferhout et al, 1999;Pradeep et al, 2003).…”

Impact of Biological Agents and Plant Essential Oils on Growth, Quality and Productivity of Cabbage and Cauliflower Plants Correlated to Some Diseases Control

“…Trichoderma sp., have been reported to produce antibiotic compounds (Trichodermin) extracellular enzymes (chitinase, cellulose) unsaturated monobasic acids (Dermadine) and peptides that either damage plant pathogen or enhance their population in biota. Furthermore, Juglal et al (2002) studied the effectiveness of nine essential oils to control the growth of mycotoxins producing moulds and noted that, clove, cinnamon and oregano were able to prevent the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and Fusarium moniliforme. Furthermore, El-Mougy et al (2007) reported that geranium, rose, lem¬on and mint essential oils were tested as seed coating and/ or foliar spray.…”

Effects of Eruca sativa seed oil on the histology of liver and kidney in rats

“…It was reported that glucosinolate is obtained from Eruca sativa containnitriles, isothiocyanates, and thiocyanates (Fenwick et al, 1983). Beside that the volatile fraction of Eruca sativa contains Nitrile 5-methylthiopentanenitrile (Juglal et al, 2002). Moreover, it is reported that rocket seed have high oil contents (Kanya and Urs, 1989;Kim and Is hii, 2006), and its oil have aphrodisiac properties (Khoobchandani et al, 2010).…”